Campanula.] XLIV. CAMPANULACEJE. 277 



Yorkshire in the north ; in Scotland it extends from Argyle to Ayrshire 

 Fl. summer and autumn. 



9. C. hybrida, Linn. (fig. 625). Corn C. — A nearly simple annual, 

 erect or decumbent, branched at the base, 6 to 8 inches high, and 

 rather hairy. Leaves oblong, much waved at the edges. Flowers 

 sessile in the axils of the upper leaves, remarkable for their long, 

 narrow, triangular ovary and capsule, crowned by the linear or 

 oblong leafy segments of the calyx. Corolla blue, much shorter 

 than the calyx, and very open. The capsule • opens by short clefts, 

 close under the segments of the calyx. Seeds very bright and shining. 

 Specularia hybrida, DC. 



A cornfield weed, apparently of southern origin, but now widely 

 spread over a great part of Europe. Not uncommon in the cornfields 

 of eastern central and southern England, and appears occasionally in 

 the north and in some parts of Scotland, but has not been found in 

 Ireland. Fl. with the corn. The Venus' s looking-glass of gardens (C. 

 Speculum) is a nearly allied species, common on the Continent, with the 

 same long capsule, but a much larger corolla, flat, and exceeding the 

 lobes of the calyx. These plants are now usually placed in a distinct 

 genus (Specularia, Heist.). 



XLV. ERIOACE^I. THE HEATH FAMILY. 



Shrubs, sometimes very low, creeping, and almost herba- 

 ceous, or occasionally growing into small trees, with entire or 

 toothed undivided leaves, and flowers usually drooping, either 

 solitary or in small clusters or racemes in the axils of the 

 leaves, or forming short, terminal, leafy racemes. Calyx of 4 

 or 5 divisions, either free or with a tube adhering to the ovary. 

 Corolla inferior or superior, usually ovoid or globular, some- 

 times small and campanulate, with 4 or 5 lobes or (in the 

 two last anomalous genera) with 4 or 5 nearly distinct petals. 

 Stamens twice as many, or rarely the same in number as 

 the lobes of the corolla, and inserted within the corolla 

 but distinct from it; anthers opening at the top with two 

 pores, or (in Monotropa) with transverse valves. Ovary having 

 usually as many (rarely apparently twice as many) cells as 

 the lobes of the corolla. Fruit a capsule or berry, with one or 

 several seeds in each cell ; the seeds very small, with a fleshy 

 albumen. 



A large Order, widely spread over the globe (excepting Australia), 

 especially in the temperate and colder regions, and in hilly districts 

 within the tropics. It is distinguished from all British Monopetals, 

 except Campanulacece, by the insertion of the stamens, and from the 

 latter Order by the shrubby habit, the shape of the flower, and especially 

 by the anthers usually opening in 2 small terminal pores. 



