Echium.] LIII. BORAGINEiE. 309 



Stems very erect. Corolla-tube narrow to the top of the calyx. 



Longest stamens longer than the corolla . . . . 1. E. vulgar e. 

 Stems ascending. Corolla tube broadly campanulate. Longest 



stamens not longer than the lower lobes of the corolla . 2. E. plantagineurn. 



1. E. vulgare, Linn. (fig. 692). Viper's Bugloss. — Stem erect, 1 to 

 2 feet high, covered with stiff, spreading, almost prickly hairs. Radical 

 leaves stalked and spreading, but often withered away at the time 

 of flowering ; the stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, several inches long. 

 Flowers showy, at first of a reddish purple, turning afterwards bright 

 blue, in numerous 1 -sided spikes, forming a long terminal panicle. 

 Corolla about 7 lines long, the narrow part of the tube about as long 

 as the calyx, the limb very oblique, the longest stamens longer than its 

 lower lobes. 



On roadsides and waste places, throughout Europe and western Asia, 

 except the extreme north. Dispersed over a great part of Britain, 

 abundant in some parts of southern England, but becomes rare in the 

 north ; in Ireland chiefly near the east coast. Fl. all summer. 



2. E. plantagineurn, Linn. (fig. 693). Purple E. — Radical leaves 

 broader and more permanent than in E. vulgare ; the stems branched from 

 the base, and more spreading ; the flowering spikes fewer and much 

 longer ; the flowers highly coloured, much larger, often an inch long ; 

 the narrow part of the tube very short, spreading into a broad campanu- 

 late throat, with a very oblique limb ; the lower lobes rather longer than 

 the longest stamens. E. violaceum, Hook, and Arn., not of Linnaeus. 



In waste places, chiefly near the sea, in southern Europe, extending 

 up the western coasts to Jersey, and has also been found near Penzance 

 in Cornwall. Fl. summer. 



II. PULMONARIA. LUNGWOET. 



Perennial herbs, with a creeping rootstock and rather large blue or 

 purple flowers. Calyx tubular- campanulate, 5-toothed or cleft to the 

 middle only. Corolla with a straight tube open -at the mouth, without 

 scales, and a spreading 5-lobed limb. Stamens included in the tube. 

 Nuts smooth. 



A European genus, limited to a very few species. 



1. P. officinalis, Linn. (fig. 694). Common L. — Kadical leaves in 

 distinct tufts, ovate-oblong or nearly linear, on long footstalks, and 

 coarsely hairy, usually much spotted. Flowering stems from 6 inches 

 to a foot high, with shorter, alternate, mostly sessile leaves, the lowest 

 sometimes reduced to scales. Flowers in a terminal, forked cyme. 

 Calyx very hairy, little more than 4 lines long at the opening of the 

 flower, but twice that length when in fruit, the teeth or lobes not 

 reaching to the middle. Limb of the corolla broadly spreading, with 

 short lobes. 



In woods, in central and southern Europe to the Caucasus, extending 

 northwards into Scandinavia. Pare in Britain, the only really wild 

 stations are in Hampshire and Dorset. Fl. spring. The British speci- 

 mens belong to a variety P. angustifolia, Linn., with narrow leaves, 

 rarely spotted, but in many parts of the Continent the two forms pass 

 very gradually one into the other. The broad-leaved variety has been 

 long cultivated in cottage-gardens, and has here and there strayed into 

 adjoining woods. 



