Cephalanthera.] LXXXI. ORCHIDACEiE. 4 39 



but the leaves are narrower, the lower ones broadly oblong, the upper 

 ones long and narrow-lanceolate ; the bracts very short, mostly 1 to 2 

 lines long, or the lowest rarely as long as the ovary. Flowers pure 

 white ; the sepals narrower and more pointed than in 0. pollens. 



Stations and geographical range of C. grandiflora, but extending into 

 temperate Asia. It is local in Britain, occurring in various counties from 

 Mull and Perth southwards, and rare in Ireland. Fl. early summer. 



3. 0. rubra, Rich. (fig. 988). Fed H.— Stature and foliage of 0. 

 ensifolia. Bracts rather longer, but not so long as in 0. pollens. 

 Ovaries and axis of the raceme minutely downy. Flowers rather larger 

 than in C. ensifolia, of a pink red, with a narrow, white lip. 



Stations and geographical range of the last species. In Britain ex- 

 tremely rare, having been only seen in Gloucestershire and Somerset. 

 Fl. summer. 



VI. LISTERA. TWAYBLADE. 



Herbs, with 2 leaves at some distance from the ground, placed so 

 near together as to appear opposite, and small, green flowers in a slender 

 raceme. Sepals broader than the petals, otherwise all nearly alike, 

 short, and spreading ; the lip longer, linear, and 2- cleft. Anther fixed 

 by its base in a cavity at the top of a short column ; the pollen as in 

 Epipactis. 



A small European, north Asiatic, and North American genus, readily 

 known among the small-flowered, spurless Orchids by the foliage. 



Leaves ovate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 inches long . . . . 1. L. ovata. 

 Leaves broad or cordate at the base, not an inch long . . . . 2. L. cordata. 



1. L. ovata, Br. (fig. 989). Common T. — The rootstock has a mass 

 of clustered, thickish fibres, but not near so succulent as in Neottia 

 Nidus-avis. Stem 1 to near 1J feet high, with 2 or 3 sheathing scales 

 at the base, and at about 6 inches from the ground a pair of broadly 

 ovate, green leaves, 2 to 4 inches long. Raceme rather long and slender. 

 Sepals and petals about 1 J to near 2 lines long ; the lip twice as long, 

 ending in 2 linear lobes. 



In moist pastures and woods, throughout Europe and Russian Asia. 

 Frequent in Britain. Fl. spring and summer. 



2. Ii. cordata, Br. (fig. 990). Lesser T. — A much smaller and more 

 slender plant than L. ovata, usually about 6 inches high. Leaves 

 seldom above f inch long, very broad, and sometimes slightly cordate at 

 the base. Flowers very small, in a short raceme ; the lip linear, 2-cleft, 

 with 2 minute teeth at its base. 



On mountain heaths, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and 

 America, extending to the Alps and the Caucasus. In Britain, most 

 common in Scotland, the north of England, and some parts of Ireland. 

 Fl. summer. 



VII. NEOTTIA. BIRD'S-NEST ORCHIS. 



A genus of very few European and north Asiatic species, distinguished 

 from Listera by the brown stems with sheathing scales instead of leaves, 

 and by a rather longer column in the flower. 



