472 THE RUSH FAMILY. [Juncus. 



Mixed with /. arhculatus on the continent of Europe, and in some 

 localities as common. Not uncommon in marshy places from mid- 

 Scotland southwards, and in Ireland. Fl. summer. [Considered to be 

 very different from any form of articulatus, not only in the obtuse 

 perianth-segments, but in the ovoid mucronate capsule and tall stout 

 habit.] 



7. J. compressus, Jacq. (fig. 1066). Round-fruited R. — Stems 1 to 

 1 J feet high, erect and rather slender, slightly compressed at the base, 

 with a few nearly radical leaves shorter than the stem, and 1 or 2 

 higher up, all very narrow and channelled or grooved. Flowers 

 arranged singly or scarcely clustered, in a rather loose terminal 

 panicle, of a shining brown. Perianth- segments obtuse, scarcely above 

 a line long. Capsule as long or longer, with a short style. 



In wet, marshy places, especially near the sea, in Europe and 

 Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. In 

 Britain not so generally spread as some other species, and rare in 

 inland districts. Fl. all summer. J. Gerardi, Loisel., is a variety with 

 a narrower mucronate capsule, found in salt marshes. 



[8. J. tenuis, Willd. (fig. 1067). Slender Rush.— Rootstock tufted. 

 Leaves few, nearly all radical, very slender, channelled and deeply 

 striate, base membranous. Flower-stems very slender, 6 to 15 inches 

 high, cylindric, wiry. Flowers in terminal panicles, sessile or pedi- 

 celled. Perianth-segments pale, lanceolate, acuminate. Capsule 

 shorter, ovoid, obtuse or pointed. 



In wet sandy places of north-western Europe, France, Holland, and 

 Germany, and the western United States ; quite recently found in 

 Herefordshire, Carnarvon, and in Kerry in Ireland. Fl. summer.] 



9. J. squarrosus, Linn. (fig. 1068). Heath R. — Leaves all radical 

 or nearly so, numerous at the base of each stem, and not half its length, 

 very narrow, grooved, stiff, but spreading, rarely longer and more erect. 

 Flower-stem usually under a foot high, rigid, with a terminal, com- 

 pound but not much branched panicle. Flowers usually distinct, not 

 clustered. Perianth-segments about 2 lines long, rather broad, of a 

 glossy brown, with broad, scarious edges. Capsule about the same 

 length. 



On moors and heaths, in drier situations than most Jwnci, in central 

 and northern Europe and Asia, but scarcely an Arctic plant, although 

 in southern Europe chiefly confined to moorlands. Abundant in 

 Britain. Fl. summer. 



10. J. bufonius, Linn. (fig. 1069). Toad R.—A small, pale-coloured 

 annual, with numerous stems, often forming dense tufts, from 1 or 2 

 to 6 or 8 inches high, branching and flowering almost from the base. 

 Leaves chiefly radical, short and slender. Flowers solitary or rarely 2 

 or 3 together along the branches, with the lower bracts leaf -like but 

 short. Perianth -segments narrow and pointed, above 2 lines long, of a 

 pale green, with scarious edges, 3 outer ones longer than the 3 others. 

 Capsule oblong, shorter than the perianth. 



In wet places, widely spread over the greater part of the world. 

 Abundant in Britain. Fl. all summer. 



11. J. pygmaBus, Rich. (fig. 1070). Dwarf R—A tufted annual, 1 

 to 3 inches high, with the flowers collected in terminal clusters as in 

 /. capitatus, but there are usually 3 to 5 clusters on each stem, sessile 



