536 THE GRASS FAMILY [Festuca. 



about 2 lines. In some localities, however, the two iorms run much 

 one into the other. 



5. F. uniglumis, Soland. (fig. 1230). One-glumed F. — A tufted 

 annual, with convolute leaves like the last, but seldom above 6 inches 

 high, and the leaf -sheaths much looser. Panicle 1 -sided and spike- 

 like, 2 inches long or rather more. Spikelets much crowded, on short 

 erect pedicels, thickened at the top. Outermost glume reduced to a 

 minute almost microscopic scale ; the second lanceolate, 4 to 6 lines 

 long, scarious on the edges, ending in an awn-like point. Flowering 

 glumes 3 or 4, rather shorter, but ending in an awn usually longer 

 than themselves. Vulpia uniglumis, Reichb. 



On sandy seacoasts, common round the Mediterranean and western 

 Europe. In British Isles, on the eastern coasts of Ireland, and western, 

 southern, and south-eastern England. Fl. early summer. 



XXXII. DACTYLIS. COCK'S-FOOT. 



A single species, with all the characters of Festuca, except that the 

 spikelets are densely crowded in thick, 1- sided clusters, arranged in 

 an irregular short spike or slightly branched panicle. 



1. D. glomerata, Linn. (fig. 1231). CocJc's-foot Grass. — A coarse, 

 stiff Grass, 1 to 2 feet high, the perennial stock forming at length dense 

 tufts. Leaves flaccid, but rough on the edges. Clusters of spikelets 

 dense and ovoid, sometimes collected into a close spike of about an 

 inch, sometimes in a broken spike of several inches, or on the branches 

 of a short, more or less spreading panicle. Each spikelet much 

 flattened, ovate, 3- to 5-flowered. Glumes lanceolate, strongly keeled, 

 ciliated on the back and pointed at the top, the flowering ones more 

 so than the outer ones, the point often lengthened into a short 

 awn. 



In meadows, pastures, woods, and waste ground, throughout Europe, 

 central and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Abundant in 

 Britain. Fl. the whole season. 



XXXIII. CYNOSURUS. DOG'S-TAIL. 



Spikelets in sessile clusters, forming a 1 -sided spike or head, the 

 outer spikelet of each cluster consisting of several glumes, all empty ; 

 the other spikelets containing 2 to 5 flowers ; the glumes pointed or 

 awned as in Festuca. 



As now limited, the genus comprises but one Mediterranean species 

 besides the two British ones. 



Spike semi-cylindrical. Glumes pointed 1. C. cristatus. 



Spike ovoid. Glumes awned 2. C. echinatus. 



1. 0. cristatus, Linn. (fig. 1232). Crested D.—A slightly tufted 

 perennial, with short, narrow leaves, mostly radical, and a slender, 

 often wiry erect stem, from under a foot to near 2 feet high. Flower- 

 ing spike semi-cylindrical, oblong or nearly linear, 1 to 3 inches long ; 

 the clusters regular, and all turned to one side ; the outer elegantly 



