PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 61 



to the horizontal, and of such lengths, as the extent of the 

 output requires; the raw materials after the final mixing 

 are fed into the upper end, and coal ground to a fine dust is 

 blown into the kiln at the lower end, the ground material 

 thus travelling in an opposite direction to the gases result- 

 ing from combustion. 



The largest of the works, (that at Portland, erected in 

 1901), has a capacity of about 150,000 tons per annum; the 

 raw materials, limestone, clay and shale are obtained in 

 the immediate neighbourhood of the works, and coal from 

 collieries close by. The plant, which is most extensive, is 

 driven either directly, or by motors supplied with electric 

 current generated in the power house at the works by 

 steam engines totalling 6,500 horse power. 



The rotary kilns vary in length, there being three 65 f eet,. 

 one 80 feet, one 100 feet, one 125 feet, and one 155 feet in 

 length, the kilns having been increased in number and length 

 as the business has expanded. 



The works at Kandos are the most recently erected and 

 have a yearly capacity of 30,000 tons of cement; clay and 

 coal are obtained at the site of the works, and the lime- 

 stone from quarries about three miles away; the whole of 

 the machinery is electrically driven, the current being 

 generated by steam turbines. 



Goodlet and Smith have recently discarded their steam 



engines and boilers, and are using electric current supplied 



by the City Council at 33,000 volts for driving all the 



machinery. They are, I believe, the largest consumers of 



power for any one industrial undertaking supplied by the 



City Council. 



Lime. 



The progressive spirit so marked in the manufacture of 

 Portland cement is somewhat lacking in the lime industry, 

 probably due to the relatively small demand for lime enabl- 

 ing the antiquated methods to cope with it. 



