28 



R. GREIG-SMITH. 



and due to the milk becoming infected prior to sealing up. 

 There must be thousands of other cases about which we 

 never hear, but which could speedily be put right by a 

 trained scientific man. 



In England, at the beginning of the war, the Board of 

 Trade appointed a committee of representatives of manu- 

 facturers and men of science, and of this a sub-committee 

 dealt with different branches of the chemical trade. Among 

 other matters, this sub-committee examined the manufac- 

 ture of barytes. It was admitted that the German barytes 

 were better ground than the English, and yet a barytes 

 miner could not be found who owned a microscope. The 

 committee examined the barytes microscopically at various 

 stages of the grinding, and showed how the English product 

 could be made of the same fineness as the German. One 

 can hardly imagine a manufacturer grinding a substance, 

 and not controlling the grinding by microscopical examin- 

 ation. 



The Adviser would be able to suggest in which direction 

 a by-product could best be utilised ; that is to say, he could 

 act as an information bureau. For example, a firm about 

 to start the manufacture of carbonate of soda desired to 

 know how it could dispose of its waste hydrochloric acid. 

 My informant, who was appealed to, made enquiries, and 

 found that a certain soap-making firm could take all the 

 hydrochloric acid. 



Eighteen years ago, Mr. Houghton, in the Annual 

 Address to the Engineering Section of this Society, said : 



" The low rate of ocean freights and facilities for communication 

 tend to place all countries on a level, and if we aspire to be a 

 manufacturing country or an exporting country we must be pre- 

 pared to sell as good or a better article than others at the lowest 

 price ; to enable that to be done it is necessary that there shall 

 be no waste product unutilised, for it is out of these by-products 

 that the profit is generally made." 



