TREMATODES OF AUSTRALIAN BIRDS. 247 



OOENOGONIMIN^. 



Scaphanocephalus australis, sp. n., from the intestine of 

 the Sea Eagle Haliaetus leucogaster, is closely related to 

 S. expansus, J'agerskiold, parasitic in the Sea Eagle Pandion 

 haliaetus from the Red Sea. 



ECHINOSTOMINiE. 



Including those described in this paper, seventeen mem- 

 bers of this group are recorded from Australian birds. Three 

 of these are represented by the same species in European 

 or Asiatic birds, while the others are all more or less closely 

 related to other species of the same family occurring in 

 similar birds in other parts of the world. 



Echinostoma acuticauda, Nicoll, parasitic in the Straw- 

 necked Ibis, Carphibis spinicollis, in Queensland, is related 

 to E. revolutum, found in European Anseriformes, and to 

 E. mendax, Dietz, parasitic in certain South American 

 birds belonging to the same family; while E. revolutum 

 itself is found in certain Australian Anseriformes. 



The related forms E.elongatum, Nicoll, and E. emollitum> 

 Nicoll, parasitic in Podargus strigoides and Centropus 

 phasianus respectively, may be looked upon as Australian 

 representatives of E. uncatum, Dietz, found in two species 

 of Crotophaga in Brazil. E. hilliferum, Nicoll, from Por- 

 phyrio melanotus (Rallidae), and E. australasianum, Nicoll 

 from Antigone australasiana (Gruidae) are related to E* 

 sarcinum, Dietz, parasitic in the European Grus Grus. 



Echinochasmus prosthovitellatus, Nicoll, parasitic in the 

 intestine of the Brown Hawk, Hieracidea orientalis, in 

 Queensland, is related to Echinochasmus euryporus, Lss., 

 found in several species of hawks belonging to_the genus 

 Milvus in Egypt. E. tenuicollis, sp. n. from the intestine 

 of the shag, Phalacrocorax melanoleucus finds its nearest 

 relative in E. coaxatus, Dtz., which is also parasitic in a 

 water bird, Podiceps cristatus. 



