OUTLINES OF BOTANY. X1xX 
pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is said to be abruptly pinnate; 
if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna is unequally 
pinnate (imparipinnatum). 
44, The number of leaves or their parts is expressed adjectively by the 
following numerals, derived from the Latin :— 
uni-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinque-, sex-, septem-, octo-, novem-, decem-, multi-, 
1-, -, “5 4., 5-, 6-, q-; 8- 9-, 10-, = =many- 
prefixed to a termination, indicating the particular kind of part referred to. 
Thus :— 
unidentate, bidentate, multidentate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, 
many-toothed, ete. 
bifid, trifid, multifid, mean two-lobed, three-lobed, many-lobed, ete. 
unifoliolate, bifoliolate, multifoliolate, mean haying one leaflet, two 
leaflets, many leaflets, etc. 
_unifoliate, bifoliate, multifoliate, mean having one leaf, two leaves, 
many leaves, ete. 
hiternate, and triternate, mean twice or thrice ternately divided. 
unyugate, bigugate, multyugate, etc., pinnee or leaflets, mean that 
they are in one, two, many, etc., pairs (juga). 
45. eeaves or their parts, when flat, or any other flat organs in 
plants, are 
linear, when long and narrow, at least four or five times as long as 
broad, falsely compared to a mathematical line, fora linear leaf has always 
a perceptible breadth. 
lanceolate, when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest 
below the middle, and tapering towards the summit, compared to the head 
of a lance. 
cuneate, when broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the 
base, compared to a wedge with the point downwards; when very broadly 
cuneate and rounded at the top, it is often called flabelliform or fan- 
shaped. 
spathwlate, when the broad part near the top is short, and the narrow 
tapering part long, compared to a spatula or flat ladle. 
ovate, when scarcely twice as long as broad, and rather broader below 
the middle, compared to the longitudinal section of an egg; obovate is the 
same form, with the broadest part above the middle. 
| orbicular, oval, oblong, elliptical, rhomboidal, etc., when compared. to 
the corresponding mathematical figures. 
transversely oblong, or oblate, when conspicuously broader than long. 
Jfaleate, when curved like the blade of a scythe. 
46. Intermediate forms between any two of the above are expressed by 
combining two terms. Thus, a linear-lanceolate leaf is long and narrow, 
yet broader below the middle, and tapering to a point; a linear-oblong one 
is scarcely narrow enough to be called linear, yet too narrow to be strictly 
oblong, and does not conspicuously taper either towards the summit or to- 
wards the base. 
47. The apex or summit of a leaf is 
acute or pointed, when it forms an acute angle or tapers to a point. 
obtuse or blun i,when it forms a very obtuse angle, or more generally 
_ when it is more or less rounded at the top. 
acuminate or cuspidate, when suddenly narrowed at the top, and then 
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