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18 THE POPPY FAMILY. [Papaver. 
Plant glabrous and glaucous. Leaves toothed or slightly lobed, . 
clasping the stem at their base . ; : : . . . 1. P. somniferum, 
Plant green, usually with stiff hairs. Leaves once or twice pin- 
natifidly divided. 
Capsule glabrous. 
Capsule globular 
Capsule oblong . : : : ; : : 
Capsule more or less hispid with stiff hairs or bristles. 
Capsule nearly globular. Bristles numerous and spreading 4, P. hybridum. 
Capsule oblong or obovoid. Bristlesfewanderect . . 5. P. Argemone. 
The yellow-flowered P. nudicaule, from the mountains of northern and | 
central Europe and Asia, is occasionally cultivated in our gardens. 
1. P. somniferum, Linn. (fig. 36). Opiwm Poppy, Garden Poppy.— 
An erect annual, of a glaucous green, glabrous, or with a few hairs on 
the peduncle, scarcely branched, about 2 feet high or more when cultivated. 
Leaves clasping the stem by their cordate base, oblong, irregularly toothed, 
and slightly sinuate or lobed. Flowers large, usnally of a bluish white, 
with a purple base. Filaments slightly dilated at the top. Capsule large, 
globular, and glabrous. 
A native of southern Europe and the Levant, but much cultivated in 
European gardens, and occasionally establishes itself in waste places. In 
Britain it assumes the appearance of a wild plant in several parts of Eng- 
land, especially near the sea, and in the fens of the eastern counties. 7. 
summer. It supplies Opium and Poppy heads, and in our gardens varies 
much in the colour of the flowers, which are often very double. 
2. P. Rhoeas, Linn. (fig. 37). Field Poppy.—An erect, branched 
annual, 1 to 2 feet high or rarely more, with stiff spreading hairs or bristles, 
Lower leaves large, stalked, once or twice pinnately divided, the lobes lan- 
ceolate, pointed, and more or less cut. Flowers large, of a rich scarlet, 
with a dark eye, the filaments of the stamens not dilated. Capsule per- 
fectly smooth, globular, or slightly top-shaped, with 8 to 12 stigmatic 
rays. 
a waste and cultivated places, in central and southern Europe and 
western Asia, rare in the north. Abundant in cornfields in England and 
Treland, less so in Scotland, and scarce in the Highlands. #7. all summer. 
Double-flowering varieties are often cultivated. 
3, P. dubium, Linn. (fig. 38). Long-headed Poppy.—Very near P. 
Ricas, but generally smaller and more slender, the leaves more cut, with 
narrower lobes, the hairs less spreading, and the flowers rather smaller. It 
is also more essentially distinguished by the capsule, which is oblong, often 
twice as long as broad, and narrowed at the base. 
In waste and cultivated places in Europe and western Asia, extending 
further north than P. Rheas, but not so generally common. In England 
and Ireland less frequent, but in Scotland said to be more so than P. Rha@as. 
Fl. summer. [The sap varies in colour, white in true dubium, and yellow in 
a variety or species called Lecoquiz, Lamotte. | : 
4, P. hybridum, Linn. (fig. 39). Rough Poppy.—-Nearly as tall as 
P. Rheas, but generally less branched, the leaves smaller, with stiffer and 
shorter segments, the hairs few and short. Flowers smaller, of a purplish 
red, usually with a dark spot in the centre. Filaments of the stamens 
dilated from the middle upwards. Capsule nearly globular, covered with 
stiff spreading bristles a little turned upwards at their points ; rays 4 to 8. 
. 2 P Rheas. 
. 3. P, dubium, 
