Brassica. | VI. ORUCIFERA. 37 
3. B.monensis, Huds. (fig. 77). Isle of Man Brassica, Hither an 
annual or forming a stock of two or three years’ duration, glabrous, or 
bearing a few stiff hairs at its base. Stems sometimes barely 6 inches: 
high, with the leaves mostly radical, sometimes loosely branched, above a 
foot high, and more leafy. Radical leaves pinnatifid or pinnate, the lobes 
or segments short and broad, and marked by a few coarse teeth, the upper 
leaves more deeply divided, with narrower segments, Flowers rather large, 
pale yellow. Pods spreading, 13 to above 2 inches long, terminating in a 
thick beak, varying in length from a fifth to above a third of the whole 
pod, and usually containing 1 to 3 seeds above the valves. 
In western Europe, and chiefly in the Pyrenees and south-western Alps, 
but extending up the west coast of France to Britain. #71. summer, The 
smaller and more stunted state is the most frequent in sandy places on 
the western coasts of Great Britain as far north as Bute, but the more 
luxuriant variety, often distinguished as a species, under the name of 
Sinapis or Brassica Cheiranthus, has also been found in Cornwall and 
the Channel Islands. 
4, B. oleracea, Linn. (fig. 78). Cabbage Brassica.—In the wild state 
the Cabbage has a thick, almost woody stock, probably of two or three 
years’ duration, branching into erect stems, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves 
glabrous and glaucous, the lower ones large, stalked, broad, sinuate, or 
lobed at the base, the upper ones oblong, usually sinuate, clasping the stem 
by their broad base, but not projecting into auricles, Flowers rather large, 
pale yellow. Pod spreading, 13 inches or more in length. 
On maritime cliffs, indigenous round the Mediterranean, and reappearing 
in several places on the coasts of northern France and of southern England, 
as well as in some more northern localities, but there probably escaped 
from cultivation. #7. early summer, The cultivated forms of this species 
include the Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Kale, Kohlrabbi, etc., of 
gardeners. [This and the following are doubtless forms of one species, 
the varieties of which are variously classed under one or the other. Another 
division of the aggregate species is founded on the leaves and flowers, one 
having leaves glaucous beneath, and flowers pale orange, whilst the other has 
leaves not glaucous, and smaller bright yellow flowers. The Cabbage is a 
type of the first, the Turnip of the other. | 
5. B. campestris, Linn. (fig. 79). Field Brassica.—In its wild state 
this is an erect, simple, or scarcely-branched annual, 1 to 2 feet high. 
Lower leaves green and slightly glaucous, more or less pinnately divided, 
with a large terminal lobe, and rough with stiff hairs, which are sometimes 
very copious, and rarely entirely wanting; upper leaves narrow-oblong or 
lanceolate, clasping the stem with rounded projecting auricles. Flowers 
and pods much like those of B. oleracea, but the petals are usually of a 
brighter yellow. B. polymorpha, Syme, Eng. Bot. 
On borders of fields, and waste places, throughout Europe and Russian 
Asia. A frequent weed of cultivation in Britain. FU. spring and summer. 
The cultivated varieties include the Turnip (B. Napus), the Rapeseed or 
Colza (B. Rapa), and probably also the Swedish Turnip. 
6. B. alba, Boiss. (fig. 80). Mustard Brassica, Cultivated Mustard.— 
Stem 1 to 2 feet high, glabrous, or with spreading, stiff hairs. Leaves 
pinnat :ly lobed or divided, more or less rough, the lobes ovate or oblong, 
