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38 THE ORUCIFER FAMILY. [ Brassica 
coarsely toothed, the terminal one the largest. Flowers rather large, fruit- 
pedicels spreading. Pod $ to Linch long, but more than half occupied by 
a stout flattened beak, often curved, with a single seed in its base, the 
ee and lower part of the beak very hispid with stiff white hairs con- 
cealing the prominent nerves. Sinapis alba, Linn. 
In waste and cultivated places, in temperate and southern Europe and 
western Asia, and often cultivated for salad or forage. Not unfrequent 
in some parts of England and Ireland, more rare in Scotland. 1. all 
summer. 
7, B. Sinapis, Visiani. (fig. 81). Charlock Brassica, Charlock, Wild 
Mustard.—A coarse annual, 1 to 2 feet high, with a few stiff spreading 
hairs. . Leaves rough with very short hairs, the lower ones usually with 
one large oval or oblong coarsely-toothed segment, and a few smaller ones 
along the leafstalk, the upper ones often undivided, oblong or lanceolate. 
Flowers rather large. Pods more or less spreading, } to 13 inches long, of 
which rather more than a third is occupied by a stout beak, often containing 
a seed in its base ; the valves glabrous, or rough with stiff reflexed hairs, 
the lateral nerves prominent. Sinapis arvensis, Linn. B. Sinapistrum, 
Boiss. 
A native probably of southern Europe, but now one of the most abundant 
weeds of cultivation throughout Europe and Russian Asia, and but too 
common all over Britain. £7. all summer. 
8. B. nigra, Koch. (fig. 82). Black Brassica, Black Mustard.—Less 
hairy than the last two species, and sometimes entirely glabrous, especially 
in the upper part, but the lower leaves and stem are generally slightly 
hispid. Stem 2 feet high or more. Leaves mostly deeply divided, with one 
large terminal ovate or oblong lobe and a few small lateral ones, the upper 
leaves often small and entire. Flowers rather smaller than in B. Sinapis. 
Pods on short pedicels, closely pressed against the axis of the long slender 
racemes, glabrous, seldom more than half an inch long, with a slender style, 
slightly conical at the base, the valves marked with astrong midrib. Sinapis 
nigra, Linn. 
On banks, under hedges, in waste and cultivated places, in central and 
southern Europe and central Asia, and much cultivated for its seed. 
Scattered over England and abundant on some points of the south coast, both 
of England and Ireland, more rare in Scotland, and probably introduced 
only into Britain from or with cultivation. 27. summer. 
9, B.adpressa, Boiss. (fig. 83). Hoary Brassica.—Very like B. 
nigra in habit and foliage, but more frequently biennial, the stem stiffer 
and harder at the base, the leaves less divided, and more or less hoary with 
short rough hairs. Pods short and closely pressed against the axis, as in 
B. nigra, but they terminate in a short thick beak, with a seed in the 
base, instead of a slender style. Seeds rather ovoid, not globular. Sinapis 
incana, Linn. 
On sandy or arid places near the sea, in southern Europe, extending up 
the west coast to the Channel Islands, and rarely to Ireland. FV. summer. 
‘XII. COCHLEARIA. COCHLEARIA. 
Annuals or perennials, usually glabrous, with undivided leaves, and white 
flowers. Filaments of the stamens without appendages. Pod globular, 
. 
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