48 THE CRUCIFER FAMILY. [Senebiera. 
marked with deep wrinkles, which form a kind of crest round the edge; — 
it usually remains entire when ripe. fee 
In cultivated and waste places, in central and southern Europe to the 
Caucasus, extending northward into Sweden. Rather plentiful in southern 
England, decreasing northwards, and local in Scotland and Ireland. 7. 
summer and autumn. _ 
2. S. didyma, Pers. (fig. 108). Lesser Senebiera.—Much like S. Coro- 
nopus in habit and foliage, but generally more slender, often sprinkled with 
a few hairs; the leaves rather smaller and more divided; the flowers 
smaller, in looser racemes. Pod scarcely more than a line broad, but 
slightlv wrinkled, and readily separating into two ovoid nuts. 
On the seacoasts of North and South America, South Africa, and western 
Europe. In Britain, on the southern and western shores from Fife south- 
wards, and from Sussex to Caernarvonshire, and S.W. Ireland. In inland 
districts only as an occasional straggler. #7. all summer. 
XXIV, ISATIS. WOAD. 
Erect annuals or biennials, with undivided leaves, the upper ones clasp- 
ing the stem, and auricled. The flowers small, yellow, andnumerous. Pod 
flat, pendulous, obovate or oblong, with a strong rib on each side, inde- 
hiscent and containing a single seed. Radicle incumbent on the back of the 
cotyledons. 
A genus, spread over southern Kurope and western Asia. 
1, £Z. tinctoria, Linn. (fig. 109). Dyer’s Woad.—Stems 18 inches to 
2 or 3 feet high, branched in the upper part, glabrous and glaucous, or 
with a few hairs in the lower part. Radical leaves obovate or oblong, 
coarsely toothed and stalked, 2 to 4 inches long; the upper ones narrow 
and lanceolate, with prominent auricles. Pods hanging from slender 
pedicels, generally about 7 or 8 lines long and 2 to 23 broad, and tapering 
to the base, but somewhat differing in size and shape according to the 
variety. 
Of Taianiora origin, formerly much cultivated in many parts of 
Europe and Asia, and has thence become established in stony or waste 
places, as far north as Sweden. Repeatedly found in several localities in 
Britain, but {scarcely fully naturalized, [except near Tewkesbury, where 
indeed it appears to be indigenous, | #7. summer. 
orem a= Geom 
XXV. CAKILE. CAKILE. 
Maritime branching annuals, with fleshy leaves and purplish or white 
flowers. Pod oblong-linear, somewhat compressed, without any longitudinal 
partition or valves, but, when ripe, separating transversely into 2 artieles, 
the upper one mitre-shaped, deciduous, containing one erect seed; the 
lower one persistent, not unlike the head of a pike, divided into two points, 
and containing a pendulous ovule, which seldom enlarges into a seed. 
hag obliquely incumbent on the back or towards the edge of the coty- 
edons. . 
A genus consisting of two species, spread over the seacoasts of the 
northern hemisphere, both in the new and old world. 
