Cakile. | VI. ORUCIFERZ, 49 
1. C. maritima, Scop. (fig. 110), Sea Cakile, Sea Rocket.—Stems 
hard at the base, with loose straggling branches a foot long or more, and 
glabrous. Leaves few, thick and fleshy, with a few distant, oblong or 
linear lobes. Flowers not unlike those of a Stock, but smaller. Pods on 
short thick pedicels, distant from each other in long racemes ; when young, 
linear or lanceolate and entire, but when ripe, forming the two peculiar 
articles above described. MRadicle remarkably large. 
In maritime sands and salt-marshes; on all the seacoasts of Kurope and 
western Asia, except the extreme north. Common all round Britain. 1. 
summer and autumn. 
XXVI. CRAMBE., CRAMBE. 
Erect, stout perennials, or, in some foreign species, annuals, with toothed 
or divided leaves, and loose panicles of white flowers. Pod apparently 
stalked in the calyx (that is, supported on a stalk-like abortive lower 
article), globular, indehiscent, with one seed. Radicle incumbent on the 
back of the cotyledons, which are folded over it as in Brassica. 
A well-characterized and natural genus, containing several south Euro- 
pean, west Asiatic, and Canary Island species. 
1, C. maritima, Linn. (fig. 111). Seakale.—A glabrous plant, of a 
glaucous green, forming a thick, hard, perennial stock. Stems branched, 
about 2 feet high. Lower leaves stalked, large, rather thick, broadly oblong 
or rounded, waved and coarsely toothed or pinnatifid ; the upper leaves few 
and smaller. Panicle large and much branched. Filaments of the longer 
stamens forked. Pod 8 or 4 lines diameter; the abortive article or stalk 
within the calyx about a line long or rather more. 
In maritime sands and stony places, along the western coasts of Europe, 
and on the Baltic, reappearing on the Black Sea. In Britain, rather thinly 
scattered along the coasts of England, of Ireland, and of the Scotch low- 
lands, becoming more scarce northwards. Introduced into our gardens two 
centuries ago, from Devonshire. FV. early summer. 
XXVII. RAPHANUS. RADISH. 
Coarse, often hairy annuals or biennials ; the lower leaves pinnatifid or 
pinnate, the flowers rather large. Pod more or less elongated, thick, 
pointed, indehiscent, more or less contracted or even jointed between the 
seeds, without any longitudinal partition when ripe, but containing several 
seeds, separated by a pithy substance filling the pod. Radicle incumbent 
on the back of the cotyledons, which are folded over it. 
A genus well characterized by the pod, but consisting of very few species, 
or perhaps only of several more or less permanent races of one species. The 
most distinct form, our garden Radish, is unknown in a wild state, but 
some varieties of the wild one, on the coasts of the Mediterranean, come so 
near to it as to suggest the possibility that it may be but a cultivated race 
of the same species, although placed by some botanists in a distinct genus. 
1, R. Raphanistrum, Linn. (fig. 112). Wild Radish, Jointed or 
White Charlock.—An erect or spreading annual or biennial, 1 to 2 feet 
high, much branched, with a few stiff hairs on the base of the stem. 
Leaves pinnately divided or lobed, the terminal segment large, obovate or 
oblong, and rough with short hairs; the upper leaves often narrow and 
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