128 THE ROSE FAMILY. 
Ovary of 1, 2, or more carpels, usually distinct at the time of 
flowering, but sometimes combined even then into a single 
B-celled ¢ ovary, which is then always inferior or combined with 
the calyx. As the fruit enlarges, the carpels either remain free 
or are variously combined with each. other or with the calyx. 
Seeds 1 or 2 (or in Spirea 3 or 4) in each carpel. Embryo 
with large cotyledons and no albumen. 
A numerous family, widely spread over the globe, but more in the tem- 
perate and cooler parts of thenorthern hemisphere than within the tropies. 
‘The indefinite stamens inserted on the calyx are sufficient to distinguish 
the greater number of the genera from all other British plants. In the 
few cases where the stamens are apparently definite, there are no petals, 
but they then differ widely from all other apetalous genera by their stipules . 
and divided leaves, as well as by the structure of the ovary. 
Ovary or ovaries superior or free from the calyx, though sometimes enclosed 
in it 2 
1 Ovary or ovaries inferior or adhering t to the calyx-tube, which is closed. over 
them . 5 . ‘ : 5 . 14 
9 f A single ovary . 4 F i ; AL oy 5 : + : - A Ls 
Several ovaries , ; ; ; 4 
3 Trees, with a deciduous calyx and succulent fruit : . 7k Paunvs. 
J Herbs, with the calyx persisting round the dry seed-vessel ; . 4 
4, { No petals. (Herbs.) : 4 : : ‘ nS 
Four, five, or more petals. (Herbs or shrubs. ). . 8 
Leaves palmately lobed or digitate. Flowers in loose panicles or cymes «8 
Leaves pinnate. Flowers in heads . 7 
Calyx single, 4-lobed : : ; ; : Se 5 AucHEMILLA. 
; Calyx double, 5 large and 5 small lobes : . §8. SIBBALDIA, 
Heads purplish. Flowers hermaphrodite, with 4 stamens 10. SANGUISORBA. 
72 Heads green. Flowers dicecious, the males with numerous stamens. 
11, Potertum. 
. . 9 
8 { Calyx-tube short and nearly flat, not enclosing the eatp ele - 
Calyx-tube closing over the carpels orseeds . ° : ° . . 14 
Calyx single . 10 
af Calyx double, having as many external practs as divisions, and alternating 
withthem . : . ; ° i : ; 2143 
10 Festi -segments 5 11 
Calyx-segments about eight.  Carpels dry and distinct when ripe . an "Dryas. 
ll {parees dry, opening whenripe . ‘ : SPrrama, 
Carpels succulent, forming a kind of granulated berry : b 4 =, Rvusvs. 
12 (ore dry, ending in along jointed awn . "4 ; : : - 4 GEUM. 
Carpels without awns, small and seed-like . - : : 4 13 
Carpels few, on a minute dry receptacle : 5 : ; 8. SIBBALDIA. 
1s} ¢ Carpels numerous, on a small, flat, dry receptacle : . . 7. PoTENTILLA. 
Carpels numerous, on a large, succulent receptacle . * : 6. aie: 
14 Herbs, calyx-tube ‘ary, small, enclosing 1 or 2 carpels f . 15 
Leesan or shrubs, calyx-tube succulent or fleshy, at least when in fruit . . 16 
No petals, calyx-tube smooth ae ; 
152 Petals 5, calyx-tube covered with hooked bristles, forming a purr 
12. AGRIMONIA. 
Fruit enclosing from 1 to 5 cells, or hard nuts, arranged round the central 
16} axis, each with 1 or 2 seeds. ; ‘ 
Fruit enclosing several hairy, seed- like carpels, ‘irregularly placed 13. Rosa 
Cells of the fruit closely connate, of a cartilaginous or leathery texture 14. Pyrvs. 
Cells of the fruit closely connate, of a hard, bony consistence . 15. CRatm@us. 
7 Cells of the fruit forming distinct bony nuts, but adhering to the inside of the 
calyx 16. COTONEASTER, 
Cells. ae ‘somewhat exposed at the top of the fruit, readily separable from 
each other . : ; e A . - 17. MESPILUS. 
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