ge. THE ROSE FAMILY. | [Dryas. 
lobed. Petals 8 to 10, or rarely fewer. Carpels numerous, crowded on the 
receptacle, 1-seeded and indehiscent, ending when ripe in long feathery 
awns or tails, which are not jointed. 
The genus consists of but two, or perhaps three species, confined to the 
high mountains or Arctic regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. 
1, D. octopetala, Linn. (fig. 303). White Dryas.—Stems short, 
much branched, prostrate or creeping, forming with their crowded foliage 
dense spreading tufts. Leaves but little more than 6 lines long, oblong, 
deeply and regularly crenate, green, glabrous, and almost shining above, 
white and downy underneath. Peduncles erect, 2 or 3 inches long. Seg- 
ments of the calyx usually 8, rather shorter than the petals. Feathered 
awn of the carpels above an inch long. : 
General geographical range nearly the same as that of the genus. In 
Britain, not uncommon in the limestone mountain districts of northern 
England and northern and western Ireland, but particularly abundant in the 
north of Scotland. Fl. summer. 
IV. GEUM. AVENS., 
Herbs, with a short perennial, sometimes slightly creeping, stock, and 
annual erect stems. Leaves pinnate, with few and very unequal distinct 
seoments, and yellow or red or white flowers growing singly on long 
peduncles at the ends of the stems or branches. Calyx of 5 equal divisions, 
with 5 very small outer ones alternating with them. Petals 5. Stamens 
numerous. Carpels numerous, 1-seeded, indehiscent, ending in a hairy 
point or awn, which is hooked at the tip. 
A genus of several species, widely diffused over the temperate and colder 
regions of Europe, Asia, and North America, and descending along the 
Andes to extra-tropical South America. 
Stems branched. Petals small, yellow, spreading . L. G. urbanum. 
Stems simple or nearly so. Flowers GpoeRy g. Petal dull purple, 
scarcely spreading . . G. rivale. 
1, G. urbanum, ian. (fg. 304). Doipeon dade oo Bennet.— 
Stems erect, slightly branched, 1 to 2 feet high, nearly glabrous. Stipules 
large, leaf-like, the upper ones sometimes above an inch long and broad, 
and coarsely toothed or lobed. Leaves thin, light green, the lower ones 
with several large segments intermixed with small ones, the upper ones 
usually with only 3 large segments, or a single one divided into 3, and 
sometimes 2 or 3 small ones along the stalk, all coarsely toothed. Flowers 
yellow, with small spreading petals. Carpels ina close, sessile head, covered 
with silky hairs; the awn about 3 lines long, curved downwards, with a 
minute hook at the tip. 
Under hedges, on roadsides, banks, and margins of woods, common in 
the greater part of Europe and Russian and central Asia, but not a high 
northern plant, and only as an introduced plant in North America. 
Abundant in England, Ireland, and southern Scotland, but apparently be- 
coming scarce towards the north. 
2. G. rivale, Linn, (fig. 305). Water Avens.—Rootstock often shortly 
creeping. Stems erect or ascending, usually simple, shorter than in G.. 
urbanum. Leaves mostly radical, with one large, orbicular, terminal seg- 
ment, coarsely toothed or lobed, or sometimes divided into 3, and a few 
