Geum. | XXVI. ROSACED. 133 
very small segments lower down the stalk, all more hairy than in G. urba- 
num. Flowers few, drooping, much |larger than in G. urbanum; the 
petals less spreading, of a dull purplish colour, with a tint of orange. 
Carpels very hairy, in a globular head, which is shortly stalked above the 
calyx. 
In marshes and wet ditches, in Europe, Russian Asia, and northern 
America, extending into the Arctic regions, and almost confined to moun- 
tainous districts in southern Europe. Common in northern England, Scot- 
land, and Ireland, but absent in south-western England. Fl. summer. 
Where this and G. urbanum grow together, specimens are occasionally 
found which partake of the characters of both, approaching sometimes 
more nearly to the one, sometimes to the other. They have been described 
as a species under the name of @ intermedium, KEhrh., but they are 
more generally believed to be mere accidental hybrids between the two 
species. 
V. RUBUS. RUBUS. 
Herbs, with a perennial stock, or more frequently weak, scrambling, 
prickly shrubs ; the leaves pinnately or palmately divided into distinct seg- 
ments or leaflets, or rarely simply lobed. Calyx free, 5-lobed. Petals 5. 
_ Stamens numerous. Fruit a kind of granulated berry, formed by the 
union of numerous 1-seeded succulent carpels round the conical or shortly 
oblong, dry receptacle. 
A large genus, widely distributed over almost every part of the globe. 
The fruit, analogous in some respects to that of a Mulberry, is sufficient to 
distinguish it at once from all other Rosacee. In the Mulberry, however, 
each granule is formed by a separate flower, whilst in Rubus the whole 
fruit proceeds from a single one. From the Strawberry it differs in that 
the carpels are succulent on a dry receptacle, whilst in the Strawberry the 
carpels are dry, and the receptacle succulent. 
Flowering stems biennial or perennial, woody at least at the 
base, 2 or more feet long. Stipules subulate. 
Lower leaves pinnate, with 5 leaflets. Rootstock creeping . 1. R. Ideus. 
Leaves of 3 leaflets, or, if of 5, the 4 lower ones proceed from 
the same point. 
Branches slender, glaucous. Fruit covered with bluish 
bloom . 3 : . ; : ‘ « (2s Le. C@stus, 
Branches not glaucous. Fruit black or reddish, without 
bloom . 3. R. fruticosus. 
Flowering stems herbaceous, very short, or seldom a foot high, 
Stipules ovate or lanceolate. 
Leaves with 3 leaflets Flowers small, axillary : - » A RB, saxatilis. 
Leaves undivided. Flowers large, terminal, solitary . . 5. &. Chamemorus, 
The Virginian Raspberry, often cultivated in shrubberies, is the R. odo- 
ratus from North America. J. arcticus, a low plant, with creeping root- 
stock, and short, herbaceous stems, like R. Chamemorus, but with 3 
leaflets and pink flowers, has been inserted in our Floras as having been 
found in the Scotch Highlands, but this appears to be a mistake. 
1, R. Ideeus, Linn. (fig. 306). Raspberry Rubus, Raspberry.—Root- 
stock perennial and creeping; the flowering stems biennial, nearly erect, 
3 or 4 feet high, more or less downy, and armed with weak prickles. 
Stipules small, subulate, often inserted some way up the leafstalk, Leaves 
