Rubus. | XXVI. ROSACER, 135 
and the fruit not so black. Occasionally found in wet woods and thickets, 
especially in the west. 
[Mr. Baker, who has studied the genus for many years, enumerates in 
the Student’s Flora 22 subspecies of 2. fruticosus, including R. cesius as 
one of them. These are divided into three principal groups — 
a. Stems prickly, otherwise glabrous; includes R. fruticosus communis, 
corylifolius, and cesius. 
b. Stems prickly and hairy, but hairs not ‘glandular; includes JZ. 
carpinifolius. 
c. Stems prickly, bristly, and glandular-hairy ; includes 2. glandulosus. | 
3. R.czesius, Linn. (fig. 308). Dewberry Rubus, Dewberry.—Very 
near L. fruticosus, but distinguished by the more slender branches, more 
or less glaucous when young, spreading or creeping along the ground, 
and seldom arched; the flowers few, in small, loose panicles; the divisions 
of the calyx narrow, with much longer points, closing more or less over the 
fruit ; and especially by the glaucous bloom covering the fruit when ripe. 
Leaves pale green on both sides. Prickles usually small, with few or no 
hairs intermingled. 
In open fields and stony wastes, seldom penetrating into woods, or climb- 
ing up into hedges, extending over Europe and Russian Asia, but not an 
Arctic plant. Common in Britain. #7. summer. It is believed by some 
botanists to be as much connected with R&. fruticosus by intermediate forms 
as some of the above-enumerated varieties of that species are with each 
other, but generally speaking it is not difficult to distinguish it. 
4, BR. saxatilis, Linn. (fig. 309). Stone Rubus.—The rootstock emits 
a few creeping runners rooting at the nodes, and erect or ascending simple 
stems seldom above a foot high, slender and downy, with a few small 
prickles, or sometimes wholly unarmed. Stipules ovate-oblong or lanceo- 
late, scarcely adhering to the leafstalk. Leaflets usually 3, much like 
- those of R. ce@sius, thin, and of a pale green. Flowers on slender pedicels, 
2 or 3 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming very short racemes 
or corymbs, seldom growing out into short, leafy flowering branches. 
Petals of a dirty white or greenish yellow, and very narrow. Berries red, 
with very few rather large carpels. 
In open woods, diffused over the mountain regions of Europe and central 
and Russian Asia; more abundant, and descending to lower elevations in 
more northern latitudes. Frequent in Scotland, in the north of England, 
and along the western counties to South Wales; in Ireland, chiefly in the 
north. FV. summer. 
5. R. Chameemorus, Linn. (fig. 310). Cloudberry Rubus, Cloud- 
berry.—Rootstock creeping. Stems simple, herbaceous, unarmed, seldom 
above 6 inches high. Jower stipules entire, in a short sheath, without 
leaves; upper ones distinct, small, and ovate. Leaves few, rather large, 
simple, broadly orbicular or reniform, toothed, and often more or less deeply 
cut into 5, 7, or 9 broad lobes. Flowers white, rather large, solitary on 
terminal peduncles. Fruit rather large, of an orange red. 
In turfy bogs, in northern Europe, Asia, and America, generally at high 
latitudes, but descending southwards into northern Germany. Abundant 
on some of the Scotch mountains, and extends also into northern England 
and Wales; very rare in Ireland, and found in thenorth only. FV, summer. 
