144 | | THE ROSE FAMILY. [ Rose. 
less intermixed with glandular hairs. Leaflets small, 7 or 9 to each leaf, 
glabrous or with a minute glandular down ; the teeth simple, or very rarely 
again toothed. Flowers rather small, white or pink, solitary at the end of 
the short branches; the floral stipules small. Calyx globular or slightly 
ovoid, and smooth ; the segments lanceolate, almost always entire. Carpels 
all sessile, with free styles. Fruit black, or rarely red, globular or nearly 
so, crowned by the persistent segments of the calyx. &. spinosissima, 
Linn. 
In dry, bushy wastes, either near the sea or on dry, healthy hills, widely 
spread over Europe and temperate Asia, ascending occasionally to con- 
siderable elevations, but not extending to the Arctic regions. Common in 
Scotland and in several parts of England and Ireland, generally not far 
from the sea. Fl. spring or early summer, and sometimes again later. This 
is the origin of the Scotch Roses of our gardens. ; 
2, ®. villosa, Linn. (fig. 329). Downy Rose.—In its ordinary state, 
this is distinguished from the downy varieties of 2. canina, chiefly by the 
globular fruit, more or less covered with small, fine prickles, which are 
seldom entirely wanting. It is usually more erect and bushy, the prickles 
of the stem straight or but slightly curved; the leaflets softly downy on 
a 
both sides, and almost always doubly toothed. Calyx-segments long, and. 
often expanded near the top, sometimes all entire, sometimes, as in R. canina, 
some of them more or less pinnately lobed. Flowers white or pale pink. 
R. tomentosa, Sm. 
In hedges and thickets, in Europe and western Asia, and chiefly in the 
north, or inthe mountain districts of the south. Generally distributed 
over Britain, but chiefly in Scotland, northern and western England, and 
Ireland. 1. early summer. The &. pomifera from continental Europe, 
appears to be a variety of this species, which, although generally very 
distinct, seems almost in some localities to pass into some forms of 
RL, canina. 
3. R. rubiginosa, Linn. (fig. 330). Sweetbriar Rose.—Very nearly 
allied to R. canina, but in its typical state, as cultivated in our gardens, 
easily recognized by the aromatic scent of the foliage when rubbed. This 
proceeds from small glands, copiously scattered on the leafstalks and the 
under side and edges of the leaflets, often giving the foliage a rusty hue. 
In the wild state the scent is often very faint, although the glands are 
still numerous. The plant is usually more slender than &. canina, the 
prickles curved or hooked, often intermixed with glandular hairs; the 
leaflets rather small, and almost always doubly toothed; the flowers pink, 
usually solitary, rather smaller than in R. canina. Fruit ovoid or oblong, 
smooth or rarely bearing a very few small prickles. R. micrantha, Sm. 
R. sepium, Thuill. | 
In hedges and thickets, in central and southern Europe and central 
Asia, extending northwards into Scandinavia. In Britain, chiefly in 
southern and eastern England, apparently rare in northern and western 
England, Scotland, and Ireland. £7. early summer. 
4, R.canina, Linn. (fig. 331). Dog Rose.—Rootstock woody, fre- 
quently producing suckers. Stems of several years’ duration, often the 
first year erect and simple to the height of 3 or 4 feet ; the flowering stems 
of two or more years branched, rather weak and straggling, attaining 6 or 
ae wees 
