Rose. | XXVI. ROSACER. 145 
8 feet in length, usually glabrous, and without glands, armed with curved 
or hooked prickles. Leaflets 5 or sometimes 7, ovate, usually simply 
toothed and glabrous, or downy on the under side, and then often doubly 
toothed. Flowers pink or white, usually sweet-scented, solitary or 3 or 4 
together at the ends of the branches ; the stipules of the undeveloped floral 
leaves forming elliptical bracts, Fruit ovoid or rarely nearly globular, 
without bristles, although there are often a few on the pedicels; the 5 
divisions of the calyx persistent, spreading or reflexed, either all dilated at 
the top and entire, or more frequently one pinnate on both sides, two on 
one side only, and the other two entire. Styles free, but collected in a 
dense hairy mass scarcely protruding from the orifice of the calyx-tube. 
' Central carpels always distinctly stalked, according to Koch, a character 
which requires further verification. 2. ce@sia, Sm. 
In hedges and thickets, the commonest ose throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia, Abundant in Britain. 27. summer, rather early. It varies 
considerably in the foliage, either quite glabrous or more or less downy, 
especially underneath, and often glandular at the edges, but never so much 
so asin R. rubiginosa, nor so downy as in R, villosa, from which it is 
usually readily distinguished by the prickles and the fruit. The plants 
usually named R. collina, Kng. Bot., or &. systyla, Bast., appear to be 
generally reducible to R. canina; the character derived from the free or 
cohering styles is sometimes deceptive. [These are referred to arvensis by 
Mr. Baker, the first authority on the genus. | 
5, R.arvensis, Linn. (fig. 322). Meld Rose.—A much more trail- 
ing plant than &. canina, often extending to many feet, with slender 
branches. Foliage and prickles nearly as in that species, but the leaflets 
are usually more glabrous and shining on the upper side, rarely slightly 
downy. Prickles usually small, and much hooked. Flowers white and 
scentless, usually 3 or 4 together at the end of the branches, rarely solitary. 
Fruit globular or nearly so, without bristles; the calyx-divisions mostly 
entire, and falling off before the fruit is ripe. Styles usually united in a 
column protruding from the orifice of the calyx-tube, and the carpels all 
quite sessile, but neither of these characters appear to be quite constant. 
In hedges and thickets with £. cantina, in western and central Europe, 
and often as common, but not extending so far to the north, nor apparently 
into Eastern Europe. Abundant in England and Ireland, but becomes 
scarce in Scotland. FV. summer, lasting much later than R. canina. 
XIV. PYRUS. PYRUS. 
Trees or shrubs, with entire or pinnately divided leaves, and showy 
flowers, either proceeding, with a few leaves, from buds or spurs on a 
former year’s wood, or in simple or branched corymbs at the ends of the 
year’s shoots. Calyx-tube adhering to the ovary, the limb with 5 small 
divisions. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Styles 5 or fewer. Fruit form- 
ing with the calyx a fleshy mass, divided in the centre into 5 or fewer cells 
of a leathery or cartilaginous consistence, each cell containing one or two 
seeds or pips. 
A genus of several species, widely spread over the northern hemisphere, 
but chiefly in central Asia and southern Europe. This and the three fol- 
lowing genera, although universally distinguished by modern botanists, are 
L 
