Pyrus.| XXVI. ROSACER. 147 
divisions of the calyx are broader and downy, the flowers often assume a 
pinkish hue, the styles are shortly united at the base, and the fruit is 
nearly globular, and flat or hollowed at the base by the stalk. 
As widely spread as the Pear-tree over Europe and western Asia, it 
extends further northward into Scandinavia. Equally scattered over 
Britain, but with more probability of its being a true native. 1. spring. 
In a wild state it produces the small acrid fruit known under the name of 
Crab Apple, but the Apples, Pippins, Codlins, etc., of our orchards all 
belong to the same species. 
3. P. Aria, Ehrh. (fig. 335). Beam Pyrus, White Beam-tree.—Often 
a mere shrub, but growing into a tree of moderate size, with a rather 
broad head; the inflorescence, the young shoots, and the under side of the 
leaves covered with a soft, white cotton. Leaves ovate or obovate, green 
and glabrous on the upper side, always sharply toothed, sometimes undi- 
vided, sometimes more or less pinnately lobed ; the lobes rounded at the 
top, and not acuminate as in P, torminalis. Flowers white, in corymbs at 
the ends of short, leafy branches, but not near so numerous as in P. 
Aucuparia, and rather larger, the lateral peduncles bearing seldom more 
than 3 or 4. Styles usually 2 only. Berries globular or ovoid, and red. 
In woods, in central Europe, and in the mountain-ranges of southern 
Europe and central Asia, extending eastward to the Altai and Himalaya, 
and northward into Scandinavia. Generally distributed over Britain, but 
more frequent in England and Freland than in Scotland. 1. spring or 
early summer, The more or less cut-leaved varieties are sometimes con- 
sidered as species, under the names of P. intermedia, latifolia, scandica, 
pinnatifida, and fennica; these are not uncommon in the north of 
Europe, and are occasionally found in the north of England, Ireland, and 
Scotland; and some are supposed to be hybrids between dria and 
Aucuparia. 
4, P.torminalis. Ehrh. (fig. 336). Cut-leaved Pyrus, Wild Service- 
tree.—A tall shrub or moderately-sized tree, with the inflorescence and 
under side of the leaves, when young, clothed with a loose down, which dis- 
appears as they grow old. Leafstalks slender; leaves broad, and divided 
to near the middle into a few broad, pointed lobes, bordered with small 
teeth. Flowers in corymbs at the ends of short leafy branches, white, 
fewer and larger than in P, Aucuparia; more numerous and rather 
smaller than in P. Aria. Styles usually 2, united to above the middle. 
Berries ovoid or globular, small and brownish. 
In woods, in central and southern Europe to the Caucasus, scarcely ex- 
tending into northern Germany. In Britain, only in southern and central 
England. 1. spring. 
5, P. Aucuparia, Gertn. (fig. 337). Rowan Pyrus, Rowan-tree or 
Mountain Ash.—A moderate-sized tree, distinguished from all the fore- 
going by the regularly pinnate leaves. Leaflets 11 to 19, in pairs along 
the common stalk, with a terminal one at some distance from the last pair ; 
all narrow-oblong, toothed, from 1 to near 2 inches long, glabrous or 
nearly so above, more or less downy underneath. Flowers white, rather 
small, but very numerous, in showy corymbs at the ends of short leafy 
branches. Peduncles and calyx more or less downy. Styles rather short, 
usually 3, almost glabrous and free from the base. Berries numerous, 
small, globular, of a bright red. 
L 2 
