Saxifraga. | XXXII SAXIFRAGACER, 169 
haps not into Russian Asia. Abundant in several parts of England and 
southern Scotland, but scarcely penetrates into the Highlands; rare in 
Ireland. #1. spring and early summer. 
7. S.cernua, Linn. (fig. 380). Drooping Saxifragerx—In many 
respects allied to S. granulata, of which it may be a starved alpine variety. 
It is weaker, more glabrous, and slender ; the stock does not always form 
distinct bulbs; the leaves are smaller, angular or broadly lobed, and the 
upper ones have often little bulbs in their axils. Flowering stems more or 
less drooping at the summit, with 1 to 3 flowers, rather smaller than 
S. granulata. 
At great elevations, in a few of the larger mountain-ranges of Europe 
and Asia, and all round the Arctic Circle. In Britain, only known on the 
summit of Ben Lawers, where, however, it very seldom flowers, and is now 
almost extinct. 
8. S. rivularis, Linn. (fig. 381). Brook Saxifrage.—A glabrous plant, 
still smaller than S. cernua, which it much resembles in foliage. Perennial 
stock small, and seldom forming bulbs; radical leaves on long stalks, deeply 
3- or 5-lobed. Flowering stems weak, only 2 to 3 inches long, with very 
few small leaves, and 1 to 3 flowers, like those of S. cernua, but much 
smaller, the petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. 
A high alpine or Arctic species, with nearly the same geographical range 
as S. cernua, but usually not so scarce. In Britain it occurs sparingly 
near the summit of Ben Lawers and Ben Nevis, and more abundantly on 
Lochnagar. Fl. August. 
9, S. tridactylites, Linn. (fig. 382). Rue-leaved Savifrage.—aA little 
erect annual, 2 to 5 inches high, simple or branched, and more or less 
clothed with a glandular down, MRadical leaves very small, entire, and 
stalked. Stem leaves either entire and linear-oblony or more fre- 
quently 3-lobed. Flowers small, white, growing singly on rather long 
pedicels. Calyx adherent, with ovate segments not half so long as the 
etals, 
F On walls and rocks, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, from the 
Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle. Frequent in England, Ireland, and 
southern Scotland, less so further north, especially on the western side. 
Fl. spring and early summer. 
10. S. nivalis, Linn. (fig. 383). Alpine Sawxifrage.—Perennial stock 
short and simple, but thick and hard, crowned with a tuft of spreading, 
obovate, toothed leaves, rather thick and leathery, and narrowed into a 
stalk at the base. Stems simple, erect, 2 to 5 inches high, slightly hairy 
in the upper part, leafless, or with 1 or 2 small leaves close under the 
flowers. These are small, collected together in little terminal heads. 
Calyx adherent to about halfway up the ovary, with shortly oblong spread- 
ing segments, about the length of the obovate, white petals. 
In the mountains of northern and Arctic Europe and Asia, and on the 
highest of the Sudetan mountains in Bohemia. Not uncommon in the 
Scotch mountains, and found also, but much more sparingly, in the Lake 
districts of northern England, in North Wales, and on Ben Bulben, in 
Ireland. #7. summer. 
11. S. stellaris, Linn. (fig. 384). Star Saxifrage.—aA perennial, but 
the stock is small, and has often an annual appearance; it is crowned by 
