180 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. [Astrantea, 
mostly unisexual, the calyx-border campanulate, with 5 teeth about the 
length of the petals. 
In woods and pastures, in central and southern Europe, not nearer to 
Britain than central France. Occurs apparently wild in Stokesay Wood, 
near Ludlow, and between Whitbourne and Malvern in Herefordshire ; 
probably originally escaped from some old cottage-garden. FJ, swmmer. 
IV. ERYNGIUM. ERYNGO. 
Stiff, hard herbs, usually perennial, and with very prickly leaves and 
involucres. Flowers i in a compact spike or head, with a scale or bract on 
the common receptacle under each flower. Petals erect, with a long in- 
flected point. Fruit ovoid, without vittas, crowned by the pointed or 
prickly teeth of the calyx. 
A rather numerous and very natural genus, spread over the greater part 
of the temperate and warm regions of the globe. In many species the 
whole of the upper part of the plant as well as the flowers acquire a bluish 
or white tint, on which account several exotic species have been frequently 
cultivated in our gardens. 
Radical leaves rounded, the lobes plaited and toothed. Scales of 
the receptacle 3-lobed . 1. #. maritimum, | 
Leaves pinnately divided, the lobes pinnatifid and toothed. Scales 
of the receptacle entire ° . 2. EH. campestre. 
1, &.maritimum, Linn. (fg. 399). Rar Hanae Sea Holly.—A stiff, 
erect, much branched plant, nearly a foot high, quite glabrous, and glaucous 
or bluish. Leaves very stiff, broad and sinuate, more or less divided into 
3 broad, short lobes, elegantly veined, and bordered by coarse prickly teeth ; 
the radical ones stalked; the others clasping the stem by their broad bases. 
Heads of flowers nearly globular, of a pale blue, with an involucre of 5 to 
8 leaves, like those of the stem, but much smaller and narrower, the bracts 
within the head divided into 3 spines, 
On the seacoasts of the whole of Europe and western Asia, except thea 
extreme north. Abundant on the maritime sands of England, Ireland, and 
in Scotland from Aberdeenshire and Argyleshire southward. 7. summer, 
rather late. 
3, E. campestre, Linn. (fig.400), Mteld Hryngo.—Stems not so thick, 
and more branched than in . maritimum, the leaves much more divided ; 
the segments pinnate, with lanceolate lobes, waved and coarsely toothed, 
bordered and terminated by strong prickles. Heads of flowers more nume- 
rous and smaller; the involucre leaves more or less pinnately toothed; the 
‘scales or bracts ita the heads narrow, and mostly entire. 
In fields, waste places and roadsides, in central and southern Europa 
extending eastward to the Caucasus and Ural, and northward to Den- 
mark. Kare in Britain, and believed by some to be an introduced plant ; 
among several stations formerly given, it is now only known near Plymouth, 
on the ballast hills of the Tyne, and near Waterford, in Ireland, #7. 
summer. 
. CICUTA. COWBANE, 
Leaves dissected, Aliiren compound, without any general involucre, oF 
