Sison.] - XXXV. UMBELLIFERA. 183 
smaller, and often turned to one side. Fruit scarcely above a line long, 
rather broader than long. 
In hedges and thickets, chiefly in western Europe, not reaching the 
_ Rhine in central Europe, but spread here and there much further eastward 
in the Mediterranean region. In Britain, frequent in southern England ; 
more rare in the north, not penetrating into Scotland, and not recorded 
from Ireland. Fl. summer. 
VIII. TRINIA. TRINIA. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, without involucres, or with a 
single bract. Flowers dicecious. Petals entire, with an inflected point. Fruit 
short, somewhat laterally compressed, without visible calycine teeth. Car- 
pels ovoid, with 5 prominent ribs, and single vittas under or within the ribs 
themselves, not under the interstices as in most Umbeliifere. 
A very small genus, chiefly south European and West Asiatic, with a 
peculiar habit, and differing from Apium chiefly in the dicecious flowers, 
and the position of the vittas of the fruit. 
1. T.vulgaris, DC, (fig. 406). Common Trinia.—Stock perennial, 
short and thick, almost woody, forming a tap-root at its base. Stems 
annual, erect, stiff and angular, with numerous spreading branches, 6 inches 
to near a foot high, the whole plant glabrous, with a glaucous hue, Leaves 
finely cut into stiff, narrow-linear or subulate segments; the radical ones 
twice pinnate, with ternate, entire segments, 3 to 6 lines long, the upper 
ones twice or only once ternate. Umbels small and numerous, on slender 
peduncles, forming a loose panicle, each with 4 to 6 rays. Flowers 
white, the males with much narrower petals than the females. Pimpinella 
dioica, Sm. 
In dry, arid, and stony wastes, chiefly in limestone districts, in western 
and southern Europe, to the Caucasus, scarcely extending into central Ger- 
many. Rare in Britain, and confined to South Devon and North Somerset. 
Fl. spring or early summer. 
IX. ZEGOPODIUM. GOUTWEED. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, without any involucres, Petals 
broad, notched, with an inflected point. Fruit ovoid-oblong, somewhat 
laterally compressed, without visible calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 slender 
ribs and no vittas. 
_Asingle species, differing from Carum in habit and in the absence of 
vittas.* ~ 
1, 4. Podagraria, Linn. (fig. 407). Common Goutweed, Goutweed, 
Bishopweed, Herb Gerard.—A coarse, erect, glabrous perennial, 14 to 2 feet 
high, with a creeping rootstock. Radical leaves on long stalks, twice ter- 
nate; the segments ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, sharply toothed, 2 to 3 
inches long, the terminal ones rounded at the base, the lateral ones obliquely 
cordate, or sometimes lobed. Stem-leaves few, less divided, with smaller 
segments. Umbels rather large, with 12 to 20 or even more rays, with 
numerous white flowers. Fruit about 2 lines long, the styles closely de- 
flected upon it. 
In moist woods and thickets, widely spread over Europe and Russian 
