184 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. [ Zgopodium. | 
Asia, except the extreme north. Having been much cultivated for medi- 
cinal purposes, and spreading readily by its creeping rootstocks, it is not 
always truly indigenous, although a troublesome weed in gardens. In 
Britain it is common, but chiefly about houses and gardens, and therefore, 
probably introduced. #7. summer. 
X. CARUM. CARUM. 
(Including Petroselinum.) 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with general and partial invo- 
lucres of several small bracts, or in some species without any. Petals with 
an inflected point, entire or 2-lobed at its base, white or rarely yellowish ; 
fruit ovoid or oblong, slightly compressed laterally without visible calycinal 
teeth or with very small ones. Carpels narrower than in Apium, with five 
slightly prominent ribs, and single vittas under the furrows ; the axis or 
carpophore splitting to the base when ripe. 
The genus as extended by the recent revision is a large one, chiefly 
Kuropean and Asiatic; but with a few North American and South African 
species. The five British species have by some botanists been distributed in 
as many distinet genera. 
Tall, biennial. Leaves twice pinnate with ovate lobed 25 
ments. Flowers yellowish . 1, C, Petroselinum. 
_ Slender annual. Leaves simply pinnate with ovate lobed ger- 
ments. Flowers white . . 2 C. segetum, 
Stock short, covered with the remains of old leafstalks. Lower 
penre® pinnate, with many distinct segments. Flowers 
white. 
Segments of the leaves very numerous, short, fine, nearly 
equal, apparently clustered or whorled along the main 
leafstalk 3. C. verticillatum, 
Segments gradually diminishing i in length from the pase to 
the top of the leafstalks : 4. C, Carvi.’ 
Rootstock a globular tuber. Lower ‘leaves twice or thrice 
pinnate. Flowers white : : . ‘ < | . 5b. C. Bulbocastanum, 
1. ©. Petroselinum (fig. 408). Parsley Carum, Common Parsley.— 
An erect, glabrous biennial, or sometimes lasting 3 or 4 years, 1 to 2 feet 
high, with a thick root and stiff branches. Leaves triangular in their 
general outline, twice pinnate; the segments stalked, ovate, lobed and 
toothed ; the upper leaves less divided, with narrow, often linear, entire 
segments. Umbels all stalked, not very large, with 15 to 20 or even more 
rays; the general involucre consisting of 2 to 4 or 5 short linear bracts, 
the partial ones of several smaller bracts. Flowers rather small, of a greenish 
yellow. Petroselinum sativum, Hoffm. 
A native, apparently of the eastern Mediterranean region, much culti- 
vated throughout Europe, and often establishes itself in waste places. In 
Britain it appears quite naturalized in maritime rocks in several parts of 
northern and western England. 7. summer. 
2, C. segetum (fig. 409). Corn Carum.—A glabrous, much branched, 
slender annual, 9 to 18 inches high, sometimes more. Leaves chiefly radical, 
not unlike those of Pimpinella Saxifraga, but smaller, simply pinnate, 
with 5 to 10 pairs of sessile, ovate, toothed, or lobed segments, 3 to 6 ~ 
lines long; the upper leaves few and small, merging into linear bracts. 
Umbels very irregular, the rays few and very unequal; the partial umbels — 
