190 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. [ Enanthe. 
In wet meadows, and marshes, dispersed over temperate Europe, extend- 
ing eastward to the Caucasus, and northward into southern Sweden. Com- 
mon in England and Ireland, but only in the southern counties of Scotland. 
Fl. summer and autumn. : 
2. &. pimpinelloides, Linn. (fig. 422). Parsley Gnanth.—A peren- 
nial, with clustered fibrous roots, swelling into round, ovoid, or oblong 
tubers, at a greater or less distance from the stock, or, in very wet places, 
remaining sometimes slender throughout. Stems erect, firmer and more 
solid than in @. fistulosa, 1 to 2 feet high, or sometimes more, with a few 
long branches.. Leaves much more divided than in the last species, but 
very variable; the upper ones usually with long, narrow segments, those 
of the radical leaves much shorter and broader, and sometimes very 
numerous. Umbels of 8 to 15 rather short rays; the general involucre of 
a few small, linear bracts, or sometimes wanting; the partial ones of 
several small, linear bracts. The fertile sessile or shortly pedicellate 
flowers, and the distinctly pedicellate barren ones, are mixed in the same 
umbels ; the persistent styles on the ripe fruits much shorter than in @. 
Jistulosa. 
In meadows, pastures, and marshes, throughout central and southern 
Kurope, extending northwards to the Baltic, and eastward to the Caucasus. 
Abundant in many parts of England and Ireland, but does not penetrate 
far into Scotland. 7. summer and autumn. The great variations in the 
tubers of the roots and in the form of the radical leaves has induced its 
division into two, three, or four species. These differences have, however, 
been shown to depend often on soil and situation ; at the same time rather 
more constant differences have been pointed out in the fruiting umbels, 
although even here intermediate states show that the three following should 
be considered rather as marked varieties than as true species. 
a, CH. pimpinelloides, Linn. Root-fibres usually tuberous. Leaf seg- 
ments entire or acutely cut. Flowers assuming occasionally a faint tinge 
of yellowish-green. Fruiting pedicels (although very short) enlarged at 
the top so as to form a callosity round the base of the fruit, which is itself 
fully as broad at the base as at the top. In dry or moist, but not marshy 
meadows and pastures, rare, found only in the southern counties of England. 
b. GH. Lachenalii, Gmel. Root-fibres usually cylindrical. Leaf-segments 
obtusely lobed. Flowers of a purer white; the fruiting pedicels less con- 
spicuous, but little enlarged at the top; the fruits either cylindrical or 
narrowed at the base. In wet marshes, and especially in maritime salt- 
marshes, found as far north as Argyleshire, and in Ireland. 
[c. GH. peucedanifolia, Poll. Root-fibres usually spindle-shaped, leaves 
more pinnate, with cuneate 2- or 3-lobed segments. Fruiting pedicels not 
enlarged at the top; the fruit itself sub-cylindrical. Marshes and ditches in 
the southern counties of England only. | 
3. G. crocata, Linn. (fig. 423). Hemlock Cnanth.—A _ stout, 
branched species, attaining 3 to 5 feet ; the root-fibres forming thick, elon- 
gated tubers close to the stock; the juice both of the stem and roots 
becoming yellow when exposed to the air. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate ; 
the segments much larger than in the other species, always above half an 
inch long, broadly cuneate or rounded, and deeply cut into 3 or 5 lobes. 
Umbels on long, terminal peduncles, with 15 to 20 rays, 2 inches long or 
more ; the bracts of the involucres small and linear, several in the partial 
