Ligusticum. | XXXV. UMBELLIFERS. 193 
_ A genus of several European, Asiatic, and North American species, chiefly 
mountain plants, differing from Seselc in the acute ribs of the fruit and 
indistinct calycine teeth. 
1. G. scoticum, Linn, (fig. 428). Scotch Lovage.—Stock perennial, 
descending into a tap-root. Stem erect, glabrous, thick and hollow, 1 to 
2 feet high, slightly branched. © Lower leaves on long stalks, deeply divided 
into 3, each branch bearing 3 broadly ovate or obovate toothed segments, or 
1 segment deeply divided into three lobes, each segment above an inch long. 
Upper leaves less divided, with short stalks. Umbels of 12 or 20 rays, with 
a general involucre of 2 or 3 very narrow bracts, and more numerous ones 
to the partial umbels. Fruit near 4 lines long. Haloscias scotica, Fries. 
A high northern plant, extending all round the Arctic Circle. Common 
on the rocky seacoasts of Scotland and northern Ireland, descending also to 
the north-east of England. #7. swmmer. 
XIX. SILAUS. SILAUS. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of several 
bracts. Flowers yellowish. Petals scarcely notched. Fruit nearly of 
Ligusticum, ovoid, but slightly’compressed, with the ribs scarcely acute, and 
_ the vittz much less conspicuous. 
A genus of two or three European and Asiatic species, but slightly differ- 
ing from Ligusticum, chiefly in the colour of the flowers, 
1. S. pratensis, Bess. (fig. 429). Meadow Silaus, Pepper Savifrage. 
—A glabrous, erect perennial, 1 to 2 or sometimes near 8 feet high, slightly 
branched. Leaves once, twice, or three times pinnate; the segments not 
numerous, narrow-oblong, 4 to 1 inch long, entire or 3-lobed. Umbels all 
terminal, not large, of about 6 to 8 rays. General involucres usually of 
1 or 2 small bracts, with several small narrow-linear ones to the partial 
umbels. Flowers of a pale greenish-yellow. Carpels about 2 lines long. 
_ In meadows, and moist, bushy pastures, throughout Europe and Russian 
Asia, except the extreme north. In Britain, spread over England and 
south-eastern Scotland, but scarce in the western counties and in Ireland. 
Fl. summer, rather late. 
XX. MEUM. SPIGNEL. 
Leaves finely dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of 
several bracts. Petals white or pink, entire, with an incurved point. Fruit 
oblong, without distinct calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 prominent, acute 
ribs, and 2 or 8 vittas under each furrow. 
A genus of two or three European species, differing by characters of very 
little importance from Ligusticum, with which some botanists unite it. 
1, M. athamanticum, Jacq. (fig. 430). Common Spignel, Spignel, 
Meu, Baldmoney.—Stock short, perennial, covered with the fibrous remains 
of old leaves, and emitting a tuft of radical leaves; their segments deeply 
cut into numerous very fine, but short lobes, so as to have the appearance of 
being whorled or clustered along the common stalk, as in Carum verti- 
cillatum, but the stalk itself is once or twice pinnately divided, not simple 
as in that plant. Stems 1 or rarely near 2 feet high, with a very few 
smaller and less divided leaves. Umbels terminal, not large, of 10 to 15 
O 
