Heracleum. ] XXXKV. UMBELLIFERZ. 197 
much branched as Angelica sylvestris, and the stock of much shorter dura- 
tion, but not strictly biennial as commonly supposed ; the whole plant more or 
less rough, with short, stiff hairs. Leaves pinnate, with 3, 5, or 7 large, 
broad segments, usually 3-lobed and toothed, from 3 to 5 inches long and 
at least as broad, sometimes more numerous and much narrower. Umbels 
large, of about 20 rays, the outer petals much larger than the others. 
Carpels nearly orbicular, 3 or 4 lines long; the vittas very conspicuous, 
often only reaching halfway down the fruit. 
In meadows, pastures, hedges, and thickets, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia. In Britain, one of the commonest of our Umbellifere. 
Fl. summer and autumn. 
XXVI. TORDYLIUM. HARTWORT. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with general and partial in- 
volucres. Flowers white or pink, the outer petals often larger. Fruits 
flattened from front to back, with a single thick border (splitting only by 
the separation of the carpels), and covered with stiff hairs or tubercles. 
Carpels broad, with the ribs scarcely visible, and 1 or 3 vittas under the 
interstices. 
A small genus, chiefly from the Mediterranean region, with the appear- 
ance of Caucalis, but readily known by the flat fruit. 
1, T. maximum, Linn. (fig. 438). Great Hartwort.—An erect annual, 
2 feet or rather more in height, rough with short, stiff hairs. Leaves 
pinnate, with 5, 7, or 9 segments, lanceolate or almost ovate, and coarsely 
toothed ; the lateral ones 1 to 2 inches, the terminal ones usually longer. 
Umbels terminal, of 8 to 10 short rays, with a few rather long, narrow 
bracts to the involucres. Petals all small and pink. Fruits about 3 lines 
. long, the thickened border very prominent. 
In waste and cultivated lands, in Southern Europe, and eastward to the 
Caucasus; more rare as a weed of cultivation in central Europe. In Britain, 
only in Middlesex, Oxford, and Buckinghamshire. 7. summer. 
XXVII. SCANDIX. SCANDIX. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of several 
bracts, and white flowers. Fruit linear, with a very long, smooth beak. 
Carpels (below the beak) with 5 obtuse ribs, without vittas. Albumen of 
the seed with a longitudinal furrow on the inner face. 
A small but distinct genus, ranging chiefly over the Mediterranean 
region and west-central Asia. 
1. S. Pecten, Linn. (fig. 439). Needle Scandix, Shepherd’s needle 
or Venus’s-comb.—A_ branching annual, erect or spreading, 6 inches to a 
foot high, and more or less hairy. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, with 
short segments cut into narrow lobes. Umbels terminal, of 2 or 3 rays, 
without general involucres ; partial involucres of several lanceolate bracts, 
often 2 or 3-lobed at the top. Flowers almost sessile, small and white, with 
a few large outer petals. Fruits attaining near 2 inches; the carpels at 
the base cylindrical and ribbed, 4 or 5 lines long, the remainder occupied 
by a stiff, flattened beak, often compared to the tooth of a comb. 
