Caucalis. | XXXV. UMBELLIFERZ. 201 
Parsley.—Stem erect, attaining 2 or even 3 feet, with slender, wiry 
branches, sprinkled, as well as the leaves, with appressed, stiff hairs. 
Leaves once, or the lower ones twice pinnate; the segments lanceo- 
late, pinnatifid, or coarsely toothed ; the lower ones of each leaf stalked, 
and remote from the others. Umbels on long, slender peduncles, rather 
small, of from 3 to7 or 8 rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of small, 
subulate bracts, one close under each ray and often readily distinguished at 
first sight. Petals pink or white, not very unequal in size. Fruit a small 
burr, being covered with short, rough bristles, more or less curved inwards, 
or hooked at the top. TZorilis Anthriscus. Linn. 
In hedges, on roadsides, and waste places, common throughout Europe 
and central and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Abundant all 
over Britain. £7. summer and autumn. 
3. C. arvensis, Huds. (fig. 447). Spreading Caucalis.—Very near C. 
Anthriscus, but usually a rather smaller and more spreading plant; the 
general involucre is either entirely wanting or reduced toa single bract, 
often lanceolate, and the bristles of the fruit are usually less curved, but 
with a minute hook at the top; this character is not however so constant 
as that of the involucre. C. dnfesta, Curt. 
In cultivated and waste places, on banks and in roadsides, in central and 
southern Europe to the Caucasus, not extending into Scandinavia. In 
Britain, chiefly amongst corn, in the midland and eastern counties of 
England, and in north Wales. It is said to be abundant in several local 
Floras, but C. Anthriscus is often mistaken for it. Fl. summer and 
autumn. 
4, C.daucoides, Linn. (fig. 448). Small Caucalis.—Erect or spread- 
ing, and much branched, seldom above a foot high. Leaves twice or three 
times pinnate, with rather narrow, but short, pinnatifid segments, the 
general outline of the leaf being broadly triangular. Umbels terminal or 
opposed to the leaf, on rather long peduncles, usually of 3 or 4 rays only. 
General involucre of one bract, partial ones of a few linear bracts. Flowers 
white or pink, the outer petals occasionally larger. Fruits nearly sessile, 
attaining, when ripe, nearly half an inch, covered with long, stout prickles. 
There are usually in each partial umbel a few barren flowers on longer 
pedicels. | 
A cornfield weed of southern origin, now widely spread over Europe and 
Russian Asia. Apparently well established in some of the eastern and 
southern counties of England, and the Channel islands. J, with the corn. 
5. C. latifolia, Linn. (fig. 449). Broad Caucalis.—Stem seldom a 
foot high, erect or spreading, and branched at the base. Leaves much less 
divided than in the other species, being simply pinnate, with oblong- 
lanceolate segments, the lowest above an inch long, and pinnatifid, the 
others gradually diminishing to the top, and less deeply cut. Umbels ter- 
minal or opposite the leaves, on stout peduncles, consisting of 2 or more 
rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of broad, thin bracts. Flowers 
white or purple, the outer petals large. Fruit 4 or 5 lines long, the pri- 
mary and secondary ribs equally prominent, with long, straight, or hooked 
prickles. 
In fields and waste places, in southern Europe and west-central Asia, 
often establishing itself for a time in more northern localities. Occasion- 
