202 : THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. [Caucalis. 
ally found as a cornfield weed in several of the more southern counties of — 
England. £1. with the corn. 
XXXII. DAUCUS. CARROT. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with general and partial involucres 
of several linear, pinnatifid or divided bracts. Fruit ovoid, prickly on the 
ribs, the 4 secondary ribs more prominent than the 3 primary dorsal ones. 
Albumen not furrowed. 
A genus of very few real species, although the published forms are now 
numerous ; they are widely spread over most cultivated or maritime parts 
of the globe. 
1, D. Carota, Linn. (fig. 450). Common Carrot.—An erect annual or 
biennial, 1 to 3 feet high, with a tap-root. Lower leaves twice or thrice 
pinnate, with deeply 3-lobed or pinnatifid segments, usually lanceolate or 
linear, sometimes short and crenate; upper leaves with fewer and narrower 
divisions. Umbels terminal, rather large, with numerous crowded rays ; the 
inner ones very short, the outer much longer, and usually closing over after 
flowering, so as to give a concave or globular form to the umbel, with the 
fruit inside. Bracts of both involucres usually divided into 3 or 5 long 
linear lobes. Fruit covered with prickles, of which the larger ones are often 
much flattened at the base. 
Probably an original native of the seacoasts of southern Europe, but of 
very ancient cultivation, and sows itself most readily, soon degenerating 
to the wild form with a slender root, and now most abundant in fields, pas- 
tures, waste places, etc., throughout Europe and Russian Asia. Common in 
Britain, especially near the sea. Fl. the whole summer and autumn. A 
decidedly maritime variety, with the leaves somewhat fleshy, with shorter 
segments, more or less thickened peduncles, more spreading umbels, and 
more flattened prickles to the fruits, is often considered as a distinct species, 
under the name of D. gummifer, Lamck., D. maritimus, With., but in 
many seaside localities a regular passage from that to the common form 
may be readily traced. 
XXXTIT. CONIUM. HEMLOCK. 
Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with general and partial involucres 
and small white flowers. Fruit broadly ovate, somewhat laterally com- 
pressed, without distinct calycine teeth. Carpels with 5 prominent ribs, 
which when ripe are often slightly waved or crenated. No vittas. Albu- 
men with a deep longitudinal furrow on the inner face. 
A single species, with the short fruit of an Apiwm or Cicuta, but differ- 
ing essentially in the deeply furrowed albumen. 
1. C.maculatum, Linn. (fig. 451). Common Hemlock.—An erect, 
branching annual or bicameral 3 to 5 feet high or sometimes more, usually 
glabrous, and emitting a nauseous smell when bruised. Leaves large and 
much divided into numerous small ovate or lanceolate deeply cut segments ; 
the upper leaves gradually smaller and less divided. Umbels terminal, not 
large for the size of the plant, of 10, 12, or even 15 rays. Bracts short and 
lanceolate ; those of the general involucre variable in number; those of the 
