Sambucus. | XXXIX. CAPRIFOLIACHA. 209 
and perennial, with annual, erect stems, thick and pithy, slightly branched, 
2 to 3feet high. Leaf-segments 7 to 11, lanceolate, 2 to 4 inches long, 
with a small one on each side of the leafstalk, on the stem itself, looking 
like stipules. Corymbs less regular, and rather smaller than in S. nigra, with 
only 3 primary branches. Flowers sweet-scented, of a pure white, or 
tinted with purple on the outside. Fruits black. 
On roadsides, in rubbishy wastes, and stony places, in central and 
southern Europe, and west-central Asia, extending northward to southern 
Sweden. Occurs in many parts of Britain, and may be really indigenous 
in some, although it is believed to have been everywhere introduced by the 
Danes. Fl. summer, later thanthe common E. 
Ill. VIBURNUM, VIBURNUM. 
- Shrubs or small trees, with undivided or palmately-lobed leaves, and 
whitish flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx with a border of 5 small teeth. 
Corolla with a short campanulate tube (in some exotic species much longer) 
and 5 spreading divisions. Stamens 5, inserted near the base of the corolla. 
Stigmas 3 or 2, sessile or on very short styles. Ovary 3- or 2-celled in a 
very young stage, but at the time of flowering 1-celled, with a single ovule. 
Fruit a 1-seeded berry. 
A rather large and widely-spread genus, extending further into the 
tropical regions of both the new and the old world than any other of the 
family. The flowers, at first sight very much like those of Sambucus, have 
yet a more distinct tube, and the foliageis very different. 
Leaves toothed, undivided, downy underneath. Flowers all small 
and perfect . ‘ ‘ - ‘ ; ‘ ‘ ; : . 1. V. Lantana. 
Leaves 3- to 5-lobed, glabrous. Outer flowers of the cyme large, 
without stamens or pistils . - : Pat oie sane V. Opulus. 
The Laurustinus of our gardens is a species of Viburnum from southern 
Europe. 
1. V. Lantana, Linn. (fig. 462). Mealy Viburnum, Wayfaring-tree. 
—A large, much-branched shrub, the young shoots and leaves thickly 
covered with a soft mealy down. Leaves ovate, 3 to 5 inches long, cordate 
at the base, bordered by small pointed teeth, very soft and velvety on the 
upper side, with a more mealy whitish down underneath, without any 
glands to the leafstalks. Flowers small and white, in dense cymes of 2 to 
3 inches diameter. Berries somewhat oblong, of a purplish black. 
In woods and hedges, all over temperate and southern Europe to the 
Caucasus, penetrating far into Scandinavia. Not unfrequent in England, 
from York southwards, but very doubtfully indigenous north of it, or in 
Scotland, and not recorded from Ireland. £7. early summer. 
2. V. Opulus, Linn. (fig. 463). Guelder-Rose, Viburnum, Guelder 
Rose.—Not generally a tall shrub when wild, but it will grow into a small 
tree, and is always glabrous in all its parts. Leaves 2 or 3 inches broad, 
divided to near the middle into 3 or sometimes 5 broad angular pointed 
lobes, which are usually coarsely toothed or again lobed ; the slender leaf 
stalks have 2 or more sessile glands at the top, and 2 or more linear fringe- 
like appendages at the base. Flower-cymes like those of V. dantana, except 
that the outer flowers become much enlarged, attaining often near an inch 
in diameter, but, having neither stamens nor styles, they are perfectly 
barren. Berries globular, of a blackish red. 
at 
