Galium.] XL, STELLATH. 213 
clusters, Calyx completely combined with the ovary, without any visible 
border. Corolla rotate, the tube scarcely perceptible, with 4 spreading 
lobes. Fruit small, dry, 2-lobed, with 1 seed in each lobe. 
An extensive and natural genus, spread over the whole of the temperate 
regions of the new as well as of the old world, especially abundant in 
Europe and northern Asia, penetrating also into the tropics, but there 
chiefly confined to mountain districts, 
Flowers yellow. 
Leaves 4 in each whorl, ovate, Symmes axillary, shorter 
than the leaves . 5 , ; d » 1. G. Cruciata. 
Leaves 6 or 8ineach whorl, linear. " Panicles terminal » 2 G, verum, 
Flowers white. 
Leaves in fours. 
Fruit hairy . 3 ‘ 
Fruit glabrous. 
Leaves ovate or lanceolate, very shining, and prickly at 
edge é . Rubia peregrina. 
Leaves linear, smooth or rough, put not prickly. 
Flowers on slender pedicels. Corolla smalland rotate 3. G. palustre. 
Flowers nearly sessile, in little clusters. Corolla 
funnel-shaped . Saale anit asta »- « « Asperula eynanchica, 
Leaves 6 or 8 in each whorl. 
Perennials. Stems smooth or rough on the angles. 
Fruit covered with long hairs - Asperula odorata. 
Fruit small, smooth, and slightly granulated. 
Lobes of the corolla ending in afine point, Stems 
usually 1 to 2 feet, and rather firmatthe base . 6, G, Mollugo. 
Lobes of the corolla scarcely pointed. Stems short, or 
very slender. 
® 8 @ ° ® 6 6 8. G. boreale. 
Leaves 4or 6, veryobtuse .  e« «. ° - « &. G. palustre. 
Leaves 6 or 8, mostly pointed. 
Leaves nearly smooth . { 3 ° ° » 5. G. saxatile. 
Leaves very rough A, G, uliginosum, 
Annuals, Stems very rough at the edges, with adhesive hairs 
or minute prickles. 
Small, very slender plant. Fruitvery small, granulated 7. G. anglicum. 
Coarse plants, very adhesive, Fruit rather large, usually 
covered with stiff hairs or tubercles. 
Flowers 3 or more, in axillary panicles longer than 
the leaves. Fruiting pedicels straight . . 9. G. Aparine, 
Flowers 1 or 3, on axillary peduncles, shorter than 
the leaves. Fruiting pedicels rolled inwards . 10. G. tricorne. 
1, G. Cruciata, Scop. (fig. 469). Crosswort Galium, Crosswort or 
Maywort.—Stock perennial and slender, with a few short, prostrate or 
creeping barren shoots; the flowering stems erect or ascending, 6 to 18 
inches long, and hairy. Leaves in whorls of 4, ovate, 6 to 9 lines long, 
hairy on both sides. Flowers small and yellow, in little leafy cymes or 
clusters, shorter than, or scarcely so long as the leaves. Many of these 
flowers are males only, and soon fall off, their reflexed pedicels remaining 
till the stem withers. Fertile flowers few, and often 5-lobed. Fruits 
small, smooth, almost succulent. 
On hedgebanks, and in bushy places, in central and southern Europe, 
and eastward to the Caucasus. Not unfrequent in England, and extending 
a considerable way into Scotland, but very rare in Ireland. FV. spring and 
early summer. 
2. G. verum, Linn. (fig. 470). Yellow Galium, Ladies’ Bedstraw.— 
Rootstock woody, often shortly creeping, the whole plant glabrous and 
smooth, or with enly a slight asperity on the edges of the leaves. 
