216 THE STELLATE TRIBE. [ Galiwm. 
» at 
Abundant in Britain. FU. the whole summer, and often in autumn. Slender 
or short varieties, less hispid, and with smaller fruits, have been distinguished 
under the names of G. Vaillantii, D.C., and G. spurium, Linn., but the 
latter name is also given to luxuriant forms of G‘. tricorne. 
10, @. tricorne, With. (fig. 478). Corn Galium.—VYery near G, 
Aparine, but a smaller plant, seldom above a foot long, the leaves shorter, 
the peduncles shorter than the leaves, with only 1, 2, or 3 flowers, the 
pedicels of which are rolled back and thickened after flowering, and the 
fruit is granulated only, without hooks or bristles. 
A much more southern plant than G. Aparine, very common in waste and 
cultivated places in the Mediterranean region, and eastward to central Asia ; 
becomes a cornfield weed in central Europe, and as such extends over most 
counties of England, but does not extend to Scotland or Ireland. Fl, with 
the corn, or sometimes later, in the stubble. 
Ill. ASPERULA. ASPERULE. 
_ Differs from Galium only in the shape of the corolla, which tapers at 
the base into a tube at least as long as the lobes, and often several times 
longer. 
‘The species are less numerous than those of Galiwm, and the geogra- 
phical range is not so extensive, being limited to Europe, northern Afriea, 
northern and central Asia, and Australia. 
Leaves lanceolate, about 8ina whorl. Fruit hispid. . e 1. A. odorata. 
Leaves linear, opposite or 4in a whorl. Fruitsmall, glabrous . 2, A. cynanchica, 
1, A. odorata, Linn, (fig. 479). Woodruff Asperule, Woodruff.— 
Rootstock slender and creeping. Stems erect, 6 inches to near a foot high, 
smooth on the angles. Leaves usually 8 in a whorl (rarely 6, 7, or 9), the 
lowest small and obovate, the remainder oblong-lanceolate, above an inch 
long, slightly rough at the edges. Peduncles terminal, bearing a few small, 
white flowers, in a loose, trichotomous cyme. Corollas very fugacious. 
Fruits globular and very hispid. The whole plant has a sweet hay smell in 
drying. 
i woods and shady places, throughout Europe and Russian -Asia, except 
the extreme north. Abundant in Britain, 7. spring and early summer. 
2, A.cynanchica, Linn. (fig. 480). Small Asperule, Squinancy- 
wort.—A smooth and glabrous perennial, the stems sometimes erect and 
wiry, with few leaves, 6 or 8 inches high, sometimes decumbent or spread- 
ing on the ground, in broad, leafy tufts or patches. Leaves narrow-linear, 
the lower ones 4 in a whorl, the upper ones often 2 only, the 2 others 
wanting or reduced to small stipules. Flowers white, often with a lilac 
tinge, forming little clusters at the summits of the branches; the corollas 
little more than a line long, funnel-shaped, tapering into a tube at the base. 
Fruits small, slightly granulated. 7 
In dry pastures, on warm banks, and waste, stony, and sandy places. 
Abundant in central and southern Kurope to the Caucasus, extending 
northward more sparingly to the Baltic. Common in many parts of Eng- 
land and south and west Ireland, but does not extend into Scotland. 7. 
summer. 
