Valeriana. | XLI, VALERIANEZ, 219 
tending over the whole of Europe and Russian Asia to the Arctic Circle, 
becoming a mountain plant in the south. Common in Britain. Fl. summer. 
A variety with fewer and broader segments to the leaves has been distin- 
guished under the name of V. sambucifolia, Mikan. 
3. V. pyrenaica, Linn. (fig. 485). Pyrenean Valerian.—A_ taller 
plant even than V. officinalis, and much coarser; the leaves broadly heart- 
shaped, coarsely toothed, often 5 or 6 inches long and broad, with more | 
prominent veins than in most Valerians, the lower ones undivided, the 
upper ones, in addition to the large terminal segment, have 1 or sometimes 
2 pairs of smaller ones on the short footstalk, Flowers like those of 
V. officinalis, in large, flat terminal corymbs. 
A Pyrenean species, which, having escaped from cultivation, is now 
well-established in woods and plantations in some parts of central and 
southern Scotland and western England. £7, summer. , 
=e See 
Ul. VALERIANELLA. CORNSALAD. 
Fepra, Linn. 
Low annuals, with forked branches, narrow, entire or scarcely toothed 
leaves, and very small white or pale-blue flowers, in little compact cymes 
at the end of the branches or solitary 1 in the forks. Calyx-bordered small, 
entire or toothed, sometimes enlarging as the fruit ripens, but not feathery. 
Corolla with a short tube, not spurred at the base, and 5 equal, spreading 
lobes. Fruit small, convex on the back, but often marked in front with 2 
longitudinal ribs or variously shaped projections, which are in fact the im- 
perfect or abortive empty cells. 
The species are rather numerous, all much alike in general appearance, 
and distinguished chiefly by modifications in the form of the little fruits 
which appear to be constant. They are chiefly natives of the Mediter- 
ranean and Caucasian regions, but some are spread as weeds of cultivation 
over the greater part of the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. 
_ Fruit without any perceptible projecting border on the top. 
Fruit as broad as long, somewhat ala cornnyERsS witha 
slight furrow on each side. ~ iL. V. olitoria. 
Fruit ovoid, convex on the back, with an oval, concave or ‘cup- 
shaped appendage on the face . 2. V. carinata. 
Fruit crowned by the small, oblique, toothlike border of the calyx. 
Fruit narrow, rather flattened, convex on the back, with 2 longi- 
tudinal ribs on the face ; 4. V. dentata, 
Fruit broadly ovoid, showing when ‘cut ACTOSS, 3 cells, one with 
@ seed in it, and two conspicuous empty ones . - . & V. auricula. 
1. WV, olitoria, Poll. (fig 486). Common Cornsalad. Cornsalad or 
Lamb’s-lettuce.—A glabrous or slightly downy annual, seldom above 6 inches 
high, erect or ascending, branching from .the base, and repeatedly forked. 
Radical leaves in a spreading tuft, oblong, 14 to 2 inches long, rounded at 
the top, entire or with a very few coarse teeth, narrowed at the base; stem- 
leaves narrower, but with a broad base, often clasping the stem, and more 
frequently toothed. Flowers very small, mostly in little, dense, terminal 
cymes, 4 to ¥ Inch in diameter, surrounded by small lanceolate or linear 
bracts. Fruit about a line long and at least as broad, somewhat com- 
pressed, without any perceptible calycine border, and marked on each 
side with a longitudinal furrow. When cut across, the seed will be seen to 
