226 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 
39 Pappus with some or most of the hairs feathery . ° . ‘ . rf . 40 
{ Pappus with all the hairs simple . 44 
Involucre (very long) with all the bracts ‘of equal ‘length 29. TRAGOPOGON. 
Involucre with outer bracts much smaller, or different from the inner ones 41 
External bracts of the involucre 4 or 5, broadly ovate or heart-shaped. 
4 ‘ 30. HELMINTHIA. 
External bracts of the involucre small and unequal . 2 . 42 
42 of Receptacle bearing some long chaffy scales between the florets. 
33. HyPocHarRis, 
Receptacle naked 
Stem leafy, branched, several- flowered, with clinging, hooked hairs. ‘Achenes 
43 without a beak 4 . 31. Prcris. 
Stem almost leafless, simple or slightly ‘branched, with one or very few flower- 
heads. Achenes usually tapering into a short ‘beak . 32. LEONTODON. 
Ad. if Achenes more or less flattened. Leaves glabrous, often bearing prickles on 
the edges ormidrib . : . 45 
l Achenes cylindrical or angular. ‘Leaves glabrous, hairy, or ‘downy : Be 
45 § Achenes tapering into a slender beak bearing the pappus 
Pappus sessile or not supported on a distinct, slender beak 35. Ae Ps. 
46 § Peduncles radical, with a single flower-head . 36. TARAXACUM. 
Flowering stems ‘erect, leafy, bearing several flower- heads ‘ 34, LAcTUCcA. 
47 ioe tapering into a slender beak, bearing the pappus . : . 48 
Pappus sessile or not supported on a distinct, slender beak . ? 4 . 2 
48 { Peduncles radical, simple, with a single flower-head . : . 36, TARAXACUM. 
Flowering stems branched, bearing several heads . : . 37. CREPIS. 
Achenes strongly striate, and slightly narrowed at the top. Pappas of nume- 
A9 rous white hairs. Lower leaves frequently pinnatifid . ° 37. CREPIS. 
Achenes but slightly striate, not narrowed at the ee Dien of rather stiff 
bristles, of a dirty white . : . 50 
50 j Leaves toothed or entire. Flowers yellow . ay : ' 38, Hreracrum. 
Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers blue. 34. Lactuca. 
al ( Flowers blue. Pappus a small cup formed of short scales . 89. CICHORIUM. 
¢( Flowers small and yellow. No pappus . , : . . 61 
59 Stem 1 to 2 feet, leafy, with several flower- heads ‘ 41. LAPSANA. 
{ Stem leafless, not 6 inches high, hollow under the flower-heads. Leaves radical. 
40. ARNOSERIS. 
Since the earlier editions of this work, the great order of Composite has 
undergone another general revision, and although the above three principal 
- divisions or suborders established by Jussieu, the Corymbifere, the Cyna- 
roideeé and the Ligulate, may still be convenient for the British or even 
the European flora, it has been found necessary for general purposes to 
distribute the known genera, exotic as well as European, amounting to 
near eight hundred, into thirteen tribes. Of these the following eight 
are represented in Britain, and their adoption has necessitated an occasional 
alteration of the order of succession of the genera given in our first 
editions :— 
1, EuparoRIAceEs. Florets all similar, tubular, not yellow. Style branches club- 
shaped or obtuse. Genus:—l, HUPATORIUM. 
2. ASTEROIDER. Central florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating or 
filiform, rarely wanting. Style-branches usually flattened and pointed. Genera :— 
2. AstER; 3. Er1geROoN; 4. So~rpaGo; 5. BELLIS. 
3. INULoIDER. Florets ef ASTEROIDE, but the anthers with fine points or tails 
at the base. Style branches obtuse. Genera:—6. FinaGo; 7. GNAPHALIUM ; 8. 
ANTENNARIA; 9. INULA. 
4, HELIAN THOIDER. Central florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating 
or wanting. Receptacle with scales. Style- branches truncate or with a pointed 
appendage. Pappus of rigid bristles, or scales, or none. Genera:—10. XANTHIUM; 
11. BIDENS. 
5. ANTHEMIDEH. Central florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating, 
filiform, or none. Style-branches truncate. Pappus none, or ofa small ring. 
Genera:—12. CHRYSANTHEMUM: 13. Martricaria; 14. AnrHEMIS; 15. ACHILLEA; 
16. Diotis; 17. TANACETUM; 18. ARTEMISIA. 
6. SENECIONIDER. Central. florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating, 
crate ghey 
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