Gnaphalium. | XLII. COMPOSITE. 233 
In open woods, heaths, and pastures, in northern and central Europe 
and Russian Asia, and all round the Arctic Circle; becoming a mountain 
plant in the south, and scarcely reaching the Mediterranean. Extends 
over the whole of Britain. 7. summer and autumn. A high alpine or 
Arctic variety, with the leaves cottony on both sides, and the flower-heads 
darker coloured, in a short terminal spike, has been distinguished under 
the name of G. norvegicum, Gunner., and has been found in Perth, Forfar, 
and Aberdeen. 
3. G. supinum, Linn. (fig. 508.) Dwarf Cudweed.—A small, tufted 
perennial, with narrow leaves, sometimes resembling dwarf specimens of 
G. sylvaticum, but the stem seldom 2 inches high, bearing {only very few 
flower-heads in a terminal cluster, or only a single one; and sometimes the 
flower-heads are almost sessile in the centre of the radical leaves. In- 
volucres brown, like those of G. sylvaticum, but the filiform florets are 
much fewer, and the achenes broader and evidently flattened. 
An Arctic and high alpine plant, extending over the principal moun- 
tain ranges of Europe‘and Western Asia to the Arctic Circle. Not un- 
common in the Scotch Highlands, absent from England and Ireland. 7. 
summer. 
4, G.uliginosum, Linn. (fig. 509). Marsh Cudweed, Cudweed.—A 
much branched, cottony annual, seldom above 6 inches high; the leaves 
linear or narrow-oblong, the upper ones waved on the edges. Flower- 
heads small and clustered, many together, within a tuft of rather long 
leaves at the extremity of the branches. Involucral bracts brown and 
searious. Florets about the length of the involucre, the 3 or 4 outer rows 
filiform, with a very few tubular ones in the centre. Achenes very minute, 
scarcely compressed, with a very deciduous pappus of distinct hairs. 
In fields and waste places, especially in wet, sandy situations, throughout 
Europe and Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. 
Common in Britain. Fl. summer and autumn. 
VIII. ANTENNARIA. ANTENNARIA. 
Cottony perennials, with the characters of Gnaphalium, except that the 
flower-heads are dicecious, those of some individuals having filiform fertile 
florets without any tubular males, in other individuals having only tubular 
male florets ; and the involucral bracts have more scarious spreading tips, 
at least in the males. 
The species are not numerous, almost limited to the mountain regions 
of the northern hemisphere. They were included in Gnaphalium in our 
former editions. 
Low plant, with 3 to 6 flower-heads in the terminal corymb - Ll. A. diocia, 
Tall plant, with a large corymb of numerous flower-heads . 2, A, margaritacea, 
1. A. dioica. (fig. 510). Mountain Antennaria, Mountain Ever- 
lasting or Cat’s-ear.—aA small perennial, with a tufted or creeping leafy 
stalk, and almost simple flowering stems, 2 to 4 or 5 inches high. Lower 
leaves obovate or oblong; upper ones linear, white underneath or on both 
sides. Flower-heads 3 or 4 together, in compact, terminal corymbs, and . 
dicecious. In the males the inner bracts of the involucre have broad, white, 
petal-like tips, spreading like the ligulate florets of a radiating flower- 
head ; the florets all tubular and short. In the females the inner bracts are 
