i 
236 THE COMPOSITE FaMILY. = = —«([[ Inula. 
on 
bracts also numerous and narrow. Pappus-hairs few and shorter than in 
the three preceding species, and enclosed at the base in a minute mem- 
branous cup. Pulicaria dysenterica, Gertn. . 
In wet pastures, ditches, and roadsides, in central and southern Europe 
and western and central Asia, extending northwards to the Baltic. Abun- 
dant in southern England and Ireland, becoming rare in the north, and 
scarcely found in Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn. This and the 
following species are sometimes separated as a genus, under the name of 
Pulicaria. 
6. I. Pulicaria, Linn. (fig. 517). Small Inule, Fleabane.—An erect, 
branching annual, seldom a foot high, with narrower and less woolly leaves 
than I. dysenterica, which it resembles in many respects. Flower-heads 
much smaller, and the florets of the ray, although very numerous, yellow 
and spreading, are so short as at first sight to escape observation. The 
minute outer scales of the pappus are distinct, not forming a little cup as 
in I. dysenterica. Pulicaria vulgaris, Gertn. 
In moist waste places, roadsides, and sandy heaths, ranging over Europe, 
extending eastward across Russian Asia, and northwards to southern 
Sweden. In Britain, chiefly in south-eastern England, and not known 
either in Ireland or Scotland. #U. summer and autumn. 
X. XANTHIUM. BURWEED. 
Coarse annuals, with alternate leaves, and unisexual, axillary or terminal 
heads of green flowers. Involucre of the males of several bracts in a single 
row, enclosing many tubular florets, separated by the scales of the re- 
ceptacle. Anthers free. Female florets 2 together, combined with the 
involucre into an ovoid or oblong, prickly burr, terminating in 2 beaks, 
from which the stigmas shortly protrude. 
A genus of two or perhaps three species, from the Mediterranean 
region to the Levant, but spread as weeds of cultivation over a great part 
of the globe. Its immediate connection with the remainder of Composites 
can only be traced through several exotic genera forming the small sub- 
tribe of Ambrosiee, the general habit and unisexual flowers showing at 
first sight some analogy to Urticee and some other Monochlamyde. 
1, %.Strumarium, Linn. (fig 518). Broad Burweed.—A coarse, 
erect annual, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves on long stalks, rather large, broadly 
heart-shaped, coarsely toothed or angular, rough on both sides. Flower- 
heads in axillary or terminal clusters, on short racemes; the upper ones 
male; the lower female heads forming, when in fruit, ovoid burrs, about 6 
to 8 lines long, covered with hooked prickles ; the stout, short, conical 
beaks erect or turned inwards. | 
In cultivated and waste places throughout central and southern Europe 
and central Asia, extending, as a weed of cultivation, northwards to the 
Baltic, as well as into many other parts of the globe. Has been occasion- 
ally found in some of the southern counties of England and Ireland, but is 
not a truly British plant. #7. summer. ; 
XI. BIDENS. BIDENS. 
Glabrous herbs, with opposite leaves, and hemispherical heads of yellow 
