a PR 4 
" / 
4 
240 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. [ Anthemis. 
scarious at the top. Receptacle convex from the beginning, lengthening 
out as the flowering advances into a narrow oblong shape, with a few 
linear, pointed scales among the central florets: Ray-florets white, without 
any trace of the style. Achenes rough with glandular dots, without any 
border. 
In cultivated ground, and waste places ; a common weed all over Europe 
and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Abundant in southern Eng- 
land and Ireland, much less so in the north, and rare in Scotland. Fl. all 
summer and autumn. 
2. A. arvensis, Linn. (fig. 527). Corn Chamomile.—A coarser plant 
than A. Cotula, sometimes biennial, often decumbent, more or less downy 
with minute silky hairs, the leafy branches terminating in single flower- 
heads. Segments of the leaves shorter, and not so narrow as in the last, 
the flower-heads rather. larger, the bracts of the receptacle usually broader, 
and the florets of the ray have always a style although they do not always 
perfect their fruit. 
Less widely diffused than A. Cotula, and chiefly south European but 
extends also over a great part of the Continent. Certainly not very com- 
mon in England or Ireland, and local or rare in Scotland, but so frequently 
confounded with allied species that its precise distribution is difficult to 
ascertain. FU. spring and summer. A maritime variety, with a more 
spreading stem and thicker leaves, formerly found on the north-east coast 
of England, has been figured as 4. maritima, Linn., but the true plant of 
that name is limited to the shores of the Mediterranean. The British 
plant has been since described as a species, under the name of A. anglica, 
Spr. 
3. 4. nobilis, Linn. (fig. 528). Common Chamomile.—A procumbent 
or creeping, branched perennial ; the flowering branches shortly ascending, 
and leafy. Segments of the leaves fine, and pointed as in A. Cotula, but 
fewer and more compact. Flower-heads on terminal peduncles, with 
white rays. Inner involucral bracts more scarious at the top than in the 
last two species. Scales of the receptacle rather broad, obtuse, and nearly 
as long as the central florets. . 
A native, apparently, of western Europe, and chiefly of sandy pastures 
near the sea, but, having been long cultivated, it has established itself in 
so many places that its precise area cannot well be made out, Evidently 
indigenous .in southern England and Ireland, but decreases rapidly north- 
ward, and not a true native of Scotlana. FU. summer and autumn. — 
4, A. tinctoria, Linn. (fig. 529). Yellow Chamomile.—This has much 
the habit and aspect of A. arvensis, but is usually a taller plant, and 
more downy, the leaves less divided, with pinnatifid or toothed segments, 
the flower-heads rather larger, and the rays of a bright yellow. 
In cultivated and waste places, in central and eastern Europe and Rus- 
sian Asia, abundant in Denmark and eastern France, but scarcely further 
west. In Britain, it has been found on ballast heaps in some of the 
eastern counties of England. Fl. end of summer. 
XV. ACHILLEA. ACHILLEA. 
Herbs, mostly perennial, with alternate, much divided, or rarely simple 
leaves ; the flower-heads rather small,.in a terminal corymb, with white or 
- 
{ 
; 
wees 
