Artemisia. | XLII. COMPOSITE. 243 
often turning red. Leaves small, once or twice pinnate, with few very 
-narrow-linear segments, green, at least on the upper side. Flower-heads 
small, ovoid, in numerous loose spikes or racemes, forming a long leafy 
panicle. Involucre not cottony, containing 5 or 6 outer female florets, and 
about as many central male or barren ones. 
In heaths, and dry, sandy, or stony wastes, widely spread over Europe 
and temperate Asia, extending far into Scandinavia. In Britain, almost 
peculiar to a small tract of country in the north-west of Suffolk and adjacent 
portion of Norfolk. Fl. autumn. 
2, 44. maritima, Linn. (fig. 535). Sea Artemisia.—A much branched, 
decumbent or nearly erect undershrub, more or less covered with a close 
white cotton. Leaves twice pinnate, with narrow-linear segments, shorter 
and more compact than in A. campestris. Flower-heads small, narrow- 
ovoid or nearly cylindrical, erect or drooping, each containing from 3 to 5 
or 6 florets, all tubular and fertile. 
In sandy wastes, generally near the sea, occupying large tracts of country 
near the Caspian and Black Seas, and extending round the Mediterranean, 
and along the Atlantic, up to the coasts of Britain, as far as Wigton on the 
west, and Aberdeen on the east; N.E.. Ireland, and Channel Islands. It 
is not, however, very frequent anywhere. 7. autumn. 
3, &. vulgaris, Linn. (fig. 536). Common Artemisia, Mugwort.— 
Stock thick and woody, but short, with erect flowering stems, 2 to 3 feet 
high. Leaves once or twice deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate, pointed 
lobes or segments, coarsely toothed or lobed, green and glabrous above, very 
white underneath. Flower-heads ovoid, with cottony involucres, forming a 
long terminal panicle, each head containing 12 to 20 complete florets and a 
few female ones, all fertile. 
On roadsides and waste places, either indigenous or introduced, over 
nearly the whole area of the genus. Common in Britain, 1. end of sum- 
mer, and autumn. 
4, &. Absinthium, Linn. (fig. 537). Wormwood Artemisia, Worm- 
wood or Absinth.—Stock short, but branched and leafy, sometimes almost 
woody; the flowering stems erect and hard but annual, 1 to 2 feet high ; 
the whole plant of a greyish white, with a very close almost silky down. 
Leaves almost orbicular in their general outline, but much cut into oblong, 
linear, obtuse lobes. Flower-heads numerous, drooping, nearly hemi- 
spherical, and larger than in the other British species; the outer bracts 
narrow-linear, the inner ones very broad. Central florets numerous and 
mostly fertile ; the outer female ones small and often barren. 
On roadsides and waste places, over the greater part of Europe and Rus- 
sian Asia, but in many cases introduced only, having been formerly much 
cultivated for its bitter qualities. In Britain, it appears truly indigenous 
near the sea in many parts of England and Scotland; in the interior it is 
confined to the neighbourhood of villages and habitations; it is a doubtful 
native of Ireland. 7. autumn. 
XIX. TUSSILAGO. COLTSFOOT. 
Herbs, with perennial, creeping rootstocks, and large, broad, deeply cor- 
date radical leaves; the flowering-stems issuing from separate buds with 
RB 2 , 
