246 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. [ Senecio. 
[A variety, radiata, Koch, with minute rays to the outer florets is found in 
the Channel Islands. | 
2. S. viscosus; Linn. (fig. 541). Viscous Senecio.—A coarser, harder, 
and taller annual than S. vulgaris, and covered all over with a short, 
viscous, strong-smelling down, the leaves more deeply divided, with 
narrower, more jagged lobes, the flower-heads rather thicker, with more 
florets, and on longer peduncles, forming a loose, terminal corymb. Outer 
scales of the involucre usually but 2 or 3, and nearly half as long as the 
inner ones, of which there are about 20. Outer florets ligulate, but small, 
spreading when fresh, but soon withering and rolled back so as at first sight 
to escape observation. Achenes glabrous. 
In waste places, over a great part of Kurope, but not common, and does 
not extend so far eastward or northward as S. vulgaris. Scattered over 
various parts of England, southern Scotland, and Ireland, have very local, 
and seldom abundant. 7. summer and autumn. 
3. S. sylvaticus, Linn. (fig. 542). Wood Senecio.—An annual, with 
the foliage much like that of S. vulgaris, but a taller and weaker plant, 
sometimes 2 feet high or more, slightly downy, or nearly glabrous, not so 
viscid nor so strong-smelling as §. viscosus. Flower-heads rather numerous, 
in a loose corymb, the involucres cylindrical, of from 12 to 15 equal bracts, 
with the outer ones very minute or wanting. Outer florets usually ligulate, 
but small and rolled back as in S. viscosus, and sometimes altogether wanting 
as in S. vulgaris. Achenes covered with minute, appressed hairs. 
On banks, waste places, and borders of woods, in temperate and southern 
Europe, from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean. Found occasionally in 
most parts of Britain, but not generally common. 17. summer and autumn. 
4, S.squalidus, Linn. (fig. 543). Squalid Senecto.—An annual or 
biennial, or even sometimes forming a stock of two or three years’ duration, 
with the stature of S. vulgaris, but quite glabrous. Leaves rather thick, 
pinnatifid, with narrow, deeply cut, or jagged lobes. Flower-heads rather 
large, in a loose corymb, with a bright-yellow, spreading ray, as conspicuous 
as in S. Jacobea. Achenes silky-hairy. 
A south European species, said to be quite established on walls at Oxford, 
Bideford, Cork, and a few other localities in middle and southern England 
and Ireland, but evidently not indigenous. £7. summer and autumn, 
5. S. aquaticus, Huds. (fig. 544). Water Senecio.—Not always easy 
to distinguish from 8, Jacobea, especially from occasional autumnal offsets 
of the latter, when the main stem has been accidentally destroyed. The 
foliage is nearly the same, but the plant appears to be of shorter duration, 
the stem not so tall, seldom attaining 2 feet, more branched and spreading, 
the flower-heads larger, fewer, on longer peduncles, forming a loose, irregu- 
lar, spreading corymb, and especially the achenes appear to be always quite 
glabrous. 
In wet places, along ditches, etc., spread almost all over Europe, ex- 
tending northward to southern Scandinavia. Common in Britain, 1. 
summer. ‘ 
6. S. Jacobeea, Linn. (fig. 545). Ragwort Senecio.—Rootstock short 
and thick, without creeping shoots. Stems 2 to 4 feet high, erect, scarcely 
branched except at the top. Leaves pinnate, with ovate, obovate, or narrow 
