Crepis. | XLII, COMPOSIT®. 267 
in stature and in the size and number of the flower-heads, but they are 
always smaller than in any other British species. 
4, ©. biennis, Linn. (fig. 597). Rough Crepis.—A taller and stouter 
plant than C. virens, more frequently biennial, less branched from the 
base, but forming a broad, terminal corymb of rather larger flower-heads ; 
the leaves more or less rough with short, stiff hairs; and the outer bracts 
of the involucre broader, with a whitish, membranous edge. In this re- 
spect it resembles the larger forms of C. taraxacifolia, but the achenes 
have the ribs much smoother, and although narrowed at the top, they do 
not bear the long, slender beak of that species, and there are often long and 
short ones in the same head as C. virens. 
In similar situations with the last three, dispersed over temperate Europe, 
from Sweden to the Mediterranean. Rare in Britain, and often confounded 
with the common C. virens or with C. taraxacifolia, but found in the 
central and eastern counties of England, and in Aberdeenshire, and Dublin. 
Hl, summer. : 
5. ©. hieracioides, Jacq. (fig. 598). Hawkweed Crepis.—Like C. 
paludosa, this has much the habit of a Hieracium, but the pappusis almost 
as white and soft as in other species of Crepis. Itis an erect, scarcely 
branched perennial, a foot high or rather more, glabrous or slightly hairy. 
Leaves entire or with a few minute teeth; the radical and lower ones 
obovate-oblong, on long stalks; the upper ones few, narrow, and clasping 
the stem. Flower-heads few, in a loose corymb, like those of C. paludosa, 
but the achenes are finely striate, with about 20 ribs. C. succisefolia, 
Tausch. 
In meadows and pastures, chiefly in mountain districts, all across centra 
Europe, from the Pyrenees to the Russian frontier, not extending into 
Scandinavia. In Britain, in a few localities, in Scotland, and northern 
England, extending from Yorkshire to Banff. #7. summer and autumn. 
6. ©. paludosa, Meench. (fig. 599). Marsh Crepis.—This species has 
_almost as much the habit and characters of Hieracium, with which Linneus 
associated it, as of Crepis, to which it is referred by modern botanists. It 
is an erect, scarcely branched perennial, but. of short duration, and nearly 
glabrous, 1 to 2 feet high. Radical leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, with a 
few small lobes along the stalk; the stem-leaves from broadly oblong to 
lanceolate, pointed, toothed, especially in the lower part, and clasping the 
stem by rather large, pointed auricles. Flower-heads yellow, rather large, 
in corymbs of 8 or 10; the involucres more or less hairy with black, 
spreading hairs. The pappus is of a dirty white, almost. like that of a Hiera- 
cium, but the achenes are distinctly contracted at the top as in Crepis, and 
marked with 10 ribs or strie. 
In moist, shady situations, in northern Europe, and all across Russian 
Asia, becoming a mountain plant in southern Europe. Extends all over 
Scotland, and southward into the central counties of England, and into 
South Wales; found also in north Ireland. FV. swmmer and autumn. 
XXXVIII. HIERACIUM. HAWKWEED. 
Herbs, with a perennial stock, entire or toothed leaves, and yellow or 
rarely orange-red flower-heads, either on leafless radical peduncles, or in 
terminal corymbs or panicles on leafy stems. Involucre more or less im- 
