270 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. [Hreracoum. 
of’ flowering, except where they have been accidentally choked by the 
surrounding herbage, or withered by drought or other accidental causes. 
4, H.cerinthoides, Linn. (fig. 603). Honeywort Hawkweed.—The 
habit and radical leaves are those of the mountain varieties of H. murorwm, 
but the whole plant is still more glaucous, and has generally more of the 
woolly hairs, especially about the stock. The flower-stems bear but few 
rather large flowers, and 1 or 2 leaves usually entire, and always clasping 
the stem with broad, rounded auricles, and the radical leaves are usually 
remarkably obovate. H. anglicum, Fries. 
In western Europe, chiefly in the Pyrenees, more doubtfully extending 
to the Western Alps and Corsica. A very doubtful British plant. The 
only specimens I have seen which really resemble the Pyrenean ones (in 
the dried state at least) are from the mountains of the west and north of 
Ireland. The Scotch and English and most of the Irish ones so denomi- 
nated are usually varieties of H. murorum or of H. sabaudum. | This, the 
H. cerinthoides of Backhouse, is regarded by critical authors, though not by 
Bentham, as different from the continental (Linnean) cerinthoides, and is 
called H. ‘anglicum by Fries. ] 
5, H. umbellatum, Linn. (fig. 604). Umbellate Hawkweed.—The 
perennial stock only forms buds in the autumn, which do not expand into 
a tuft of spreading leaves as in H. murorum, but in the following year 
grow out into a leafy, erect, rigid stem, 1 to 3 feet high. Radical leaves, 
if any, few and withering away before the time of flowering. Stem-leaves 
from narrow-lanceolate to oblong, coarsely toothed or nearly entire; the 
lower ones stalked, and all tapering as the base. Flower-heads rather nu- 
merous, on rather short lateral branches towards the summit of the stem, 
several of which usually (but not always) start from so nearly the same 
point so as to form an irregular umbel, and there are often many others 
lower down in the axils of the upper leaves. Involucres and peduncles 
glabrous or shortly downy. Leaves glabrous or hairy underneath ; the stems 
usually more or less clothed at the base with long loose hairs. Scales of 
the involucre more regularly imbricated than in A. murorwm, the outer ones 
usually spreading at the tips. 
In woods and stony places or banks, throughout Europe and temperate 
Asia, from the Meditearanean to the Arctic regions. Very common in 
Britain. 1. late summer, and autumn. 
6. H.sabaudum, Linn. (fig. 605). Savoy Hawkweed.—Although 
intermediate forms between this species and the last may occasionally be 
found, yet they are in most cases easily distinguished. HA. sabaudum, 
though stout and equally tall with H. wmbellatum, is less rigid and more 
hairy; the leaves larger, broader, and more toothed, the upper ones 
shorter, always rounded at the base, and sometimes almost clasping the 
stem; and the flowering branches form a loose corymb, and never an 
umbel. From H. murorum it is distinguished by the more leafy stem, 
without radical leaves at the time of flowering, and by the more regularly 
imbricated involucres. 
In woods, under hedges, and in shady places, especially in hilly districts, 
in Europe, extending eastward to the confines of Siberia, and probably 
still further into Asia, and northward to the Arctic regions. Distributed 
over the greater part of Britain, but not generally so frequent as H, © 
Mae 
