Phyteuma. | XLIV. CAMP ANULACES. 275 
head, which soon becames a dense spike 2 inches or more in length. The 
corollas of a very pale dull-blue or yellowish-white, 
In hilly pastures and woods, widely spread over central, and 
especially south-central, Europe, extending northwards into Norway. In 
Britain, only about Waldron, in Eastern Sussex (native ?), Fl. summer. 
V. CAMPANULA. CAMPANULA. 
Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes, sometimes contracted into short 
leafy heads, or rarely solitary. Corolla regular or nearly so, bell-shaped, 
broadly tubular or rotate, with 5 broad or lanceolate lobes. Anthers dis- 
tinct, Style cleft at the top into 2, 3, or 5 stigmatic lobes. Capsule 
erowned by the teeth or lobes of the calyx, and opening laterally or at the 
top. 
A numerous genus, widely spread over the globe, chiefly in the northern 
hemisphere or in the mountain-ranges of the hotter regions, with a few 
extratropical southern species. Taken asa whole, it is a natural and readily 
recognized group, but diversities in the opening of the capsule, and several 
minor points, have induced modern botanists to subdivide it into three or 
more separate genera, Their characters are, however, so little in accord 
with their general habit, that, in a local Flora, they may be more con- 
veniently considered as sub-genera or sections. 
Calyx-tube and capsule tape and narrow. Corolla rotate 
(SPECULARIA) . 5 : . 9. C. hybrida, 
Calyx-tube short and proad. Corolla bell-sh aped. 
Delicate, prostrate plant, with nearty orbicular, angularly 
toothed leaves. Capsule opening at the top (Warne 
BERGIA) . 8. C. hederacea. 
Stems erect or ascending. Upper leaves narrow or pointed. 
Capsule opening at the sides. _(CAMPANULA proper.) 
Stem-leaves linear or linear Wneeolare, entire or nearly so. 
Lobes of the corolla as long or nearly as long as the tube. 
Annual or biennial with slender spreading branches 
and few flowers. The corollarather large and very 
open 6. C. patula. 
Erect, stiff perenial, with lon g racemes of rather small 
flowers . . 5. C. Rapunculus. 
Lobes of the corolla. considerably shorter than the tube . 7. C. rotundifolia. 
Stem leaves ovate lanceolate or heart-shaped and toothed. 
Flowers two or more together in the upper axils or in ter- 
minal heads or clusters. 
Flowers closely sessile, in compact heads. ° ° . 1. C. glomerata, 
Flowers shortly stalked, in rather loose clusters . » 2, C. Trachelium, 
Flowers growing singly in the upper axils or in a simple 
terminal raceme. 
Flowers (middle-sized) in a long terminal raceme, with 
short floralleaves . 4, C, rapunculoides. 
Flowers few and large, the lower ones in the axils of 
leaves longer than themselves. 
Lower stem-leaves stalked, but tapering at the base . 3. C. latifolia. 
Lower stem-leaves stalked, and heart- pepabes at ine 
base é : : : : : 2. C. Trachelium. 
Many species of Campanula have long been favourites in our gardens 
for the beauty of their flowers, amongst which the most common are the 
Canterbury-bell (C. medium), C. pyramidalis, betonicefolia, garganica, 
carpathica, persicifolia, etc. The latter species very widely distributed 
_ over the continent of Europe, and northern Asia, and easily maintaining 
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