eae 
276 THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. [ Campanula, 
itself when once planted, has toon inserted in our Floras, but it does not 
appear to have anywhere spread permanently beyond our gardens. 
1, ©. glomerata, Linn. (fig. 615). Clustered Campanula.—Root- 
* stock short, more or less creeping. Stem firm, erect, a foot high or rather 
more, and hairy. Radical and lower leaves stalked : the remainder sessile, 
broadly lanceolate, clasping the stem by their cordate base, and roughly 
hairy. Flowers sessile in small clusters in the upper leaves, the upper ones 
forming a compact leafy head. Corolla blue, about half an inch long or 
rather longer. Capsules short and broad, crowned by the narrow leafy 
teeth of the calyx, and bursting open by small clefts at their base. 
In rather dry pastures, throughout continental Europe and Russian 
Asia, except the extreme north. Extends over the greater part of England, 
but is rare in the western counties as well as in Ireland, and found only in 
the eastern counties of Scotland, 7. summer. In very dry soils it often 
becomes very much dwarfed. 
2, C. Trachelium, Linn. (fig. 616). Nettled-leaved Campanula.— 
A variable species, sometimes approaching in appearance the smaller 
specimens of C. latifolia, sometimes with the upper flowers almost con- 
tracted into a head or cluster like C. glomerata. Lower leaves on long 
stalks, always broadly heart-shaped and coarsely toothed ; the upper ones 
small and ovate-lanceolate. Flowers large, two or three together in short 
leafy racemes in the upper axils or at the summit of the stem, or sometimes 
solitary, as in C. latifolia ; the calyx stiffly hairy, with broadly- -lanceolate 
segments. 
Its stations and geographical range are nearly the same as those of 
C. latifolia, extending all across Russian Asia, but it appears to be more 
generally diffused in Western Europe. It is also rather common in some 
parts of England, and found in Scotland as far north as Lanark and Fife ; 
in Ireland, in Kilkenny only. FV. summer, 
3. C. latifolia, .Linn. (fig.617). Giant Campanula.—A tall, hand- 
some species, with nearly simple stems; the leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed 
and toothed, often 6 inches long and at least 2 inches broad, all narrowed 
at the base, and the lower ones stalked. Flowers large, blue or white, 
solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, forming a leafy raceme, the upper- 
most exceeding their leaves. Capsules short, crowned by the long-lanceo- 
late calyx-segments, and opening by short clefts at the base. 
In the woods of northern Europe and Russian and central Asia, and ex- 
tending to the Arctic regions, but becomes rather a mountain plant in 
southern Europe. Pretty frequent in central and southern Scotland, and 
northern England, rare in the south, and not a native of Ireland. 1. 
summer. 
4, C. rapunculoides, Linn. (fig. 618). Creeping Campanula.— 
Rootstock more creeping than in the other species, with a simple erect 
stem 1 to 2 feet high, Lower leaves on long stalks, and heart-shaped; the 
upper ones small, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers drooping, not so large as in 
the last two species, but varying in size; they grow singly in the axils of 
small floral leaves, forming long, terminal, simple racemes. Capsules nearly | 
globular, crowned by the linear or narrow-lanceolate lobes of the calyx, and 
Opening by small clefts at the base. 
In open woods, in central and southern Europe and western Asia. 
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