Campanula. | XLIV. CAMPANULACE. 277 
Having been early cultivated in gardens, and when once planted in genial 
soil becoming often difficult of extirpation, it is doubtful how far it may be 
indigenous in the more northern stations given for it. In Britain, admitted 
as a native of a few localities distantly scattered over England and Scot- 
land, but evidently naturalized. ££. summer. 
5, C.Rapunculus, Linn, (fig. 619). Rampion Campanula, Ramps; 
Garden Rampion.—An erect, stiff, but rather slender perennial, more or 
less covered with stiff white hairs, which almost disappear when cultivated. 
Radical leaves oblong or ovate, on long stalks, and slightly crenate; the 
stem-leaves narrow and mostly entire. Flowers small, on short peduncles, 
forming long, simple or slightly branched terminal racemes; the corolla 
divided to about the middle into 5 lanceolate segments, but: not near so 
large nor so open as in C, patula. Capsule short and erect, opening in © 
small lateral clefts close under the narrow-linear segments of the calyx. 
On banks, roadsides, and open pastures, in central and southern Europe 
to the Caucasus, becoming scarcer further north, and in many places pro- 
bably only escaped trom cultivation. In Britain it used to be commonly 
raised in kitchen gardens for its tuberous roots, and it is uncertain whether 
it should be held as.a true native in those localities in southern England, 
where it is now established. Fl. summer. 
6, C. patula, Linn. (fig. 620). Spreading Gh inden bie erect, 
but rather slender annual or biennial, about a foot high, and slightly hairy, 
with spreading branches. Radical leaves obovate or oblong and stalked ; 
the stem ones few, narrow-lanceolate or linear, nearly entire. Flowers few, 
rather larger than in C. rotundifolia, in a spreading panicle; the corolla 
much more open, of a more purplish colour, and divided to the middle into 
5 broad, pointed lobes. Capsule obconical, erect, and opening in short 
clefts close under the long, linear segments of the calyx, 
Under hedges, on banks, and in bushy pastures, over “the whole of 
Kurope, except the extreme north, extending to the Caucasus and to the 
Ural. In Britain, chiefly confined to the central and southern counties of 
England. Fl. summer. 
7. ©. rotundifolia, Linn. (fig.621). Harebell Campanula.—A peren- 
nial, with a slender, creeping rootstock, often very intricate; the radical 
leaves, which mostly die away at the time of flowering, orbicular or heart- 
shaped; those of the stem all narrow-lanceolate or linear, and entire. 
Stems ascending or erect, 6 to 18 inches high, often oranched, with a few 
elegantly drooping blue flowers in a loose raceme or panicle, or sometimes 
solitary. Corolla bell-shaped, with 5 broad lobes much shorter than the 
entire part. Capsule ovoid or globular, aes and opening in short 
clefts close to the base. 
In hilly pastures, on heaths, banks, and roadsides, the commonest species 
in Kurope and Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle, 
and ascending to great elevations; also common in the northern United 
States and Canada. Abundant all over Britain. #7. summer and autumn. 
8. C. hederacea, Jinn. (fig.622). vy Campanula.—aA little graceful, 
prostrate perennial, with very slender, thread-like branches, and small 
delicate leaves, mostly orbicular or broadly heart-shaped, with a few 
broad, angular teeth. Flowers on long filiform peduncles, drooping in the 
bud, nearly erect when fully out, and often drooping again as the fruit 
