278 THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. [ Campanula. 
ripens. Corolla not half an inch long, narrow-bell shaped, of a delicate 
paie-bluish purple. Capsule almost globular, opening in 3 valves at the 
top between the calycine teeth, on which account the species is placed by 
modern botanists in the genus Wahlenbergia, Schrad. 
In moist, shady pastures, and woods, chiefly along rills and banks, 
Abundant in the extreme west of Hurope, extending through central 
France, eastward to the Rhine. In Britain, common in south-eastern Ire- 
land and western and southern England, as far north as the Isle of Man, and 
more sparingly in the east, from Sussex in the south to Yorkshire in the north ; 
in Scotland it extends from Argyle to Ayrshire. 7. summer and autumn. 
9, C.hybrida, Linn. (fig. 623). Corn Campanula.— nearly simple 
annual, erect’ or decumbent, branched at the base, 6 to 8 inches high, and 
rather hairy. Leaves oblong, much waved at the edges. Flowers sessile 
in the axils of the upper leaves, remarkable for their long, narrow, 
triangular ovary and capsule, crowned by the linear or oblong leafy | 
segments of the calyx. Corolla blue, much shorter than the calyx, and | 
very open. ‘The capsule opens by short clefts, close under the segments of 
the calyx. Seeds very bright and shining. Specularia hybrida, DC. 
A cornfield weed, apparently of southern origin, but now widely spread 
over a great part of Europe. Not uncommon in the cornfields of eastern 
central and southern England, and appears occasionally in the north and 
in some parts of Scotland, but has not been found in Ireland. F7. with the 
corn. ‘The Venus’s looking-glass of our gardens (C. speculum) is a nearly 
allied species, common on the Continent, with the same long capsule, but a 
much larger corolla, flat, and exceeding the lobes of the calyx. These 
plants are now usually considered as forming a distinct genus, under the 
name of Specularia, Heist. | 
Greco Se 
* 
XLV. ERICACEHX, THE HEATH FAMILY. 
Shrubs, sometimes very low, creeping, and almost herba- 
ceous, or occasionally growing into small trees, with entire or 
toothed undivided leaves, and flowers usually drooping, either 
solitary or in small clusters or racemes in the axils of the 
leaves, or forming short, terminal, leafy racemes. Calyx of 4 
or 5 divisions, either free or with a tube adhering to the ovary. 
Corolla inferior or superior, usually ovoid or globular, some- 
times small and campanulate, with 4 or 5 lobes or (in the 
two last anomalous genera) with 4 or 5 nearly distinct petals. 
Stamens twice as many, or rarely the same in number as 
the lobes of the corolla, and inserted within the corolla 
but distinct from it; anthers opening at the top with two 
pores, or (in Monotropa) with transverse valves. Ovary having 
usually as many (rarely apparently twice as many) cells as 
the lobes of the corolla. - Fruit a capsule or berry, with one or 
several seeds in each cell; the seeds very small, with a fleshy 
albumen. 
