286 THE HEATH FAMILY. [Calluna. 
editions of this work, but is now universally recognized as forming a 
distinct genus ]. 
1. C. vulgaris, Salisb. (fig. 640). Common Ling or Heather.—A 
straggling shrub, one to three feet high. Leaves very short, a little pro- 
longed at the base below their insertion. Flowers often very pale or even 
white, on short pedicels along the upper branches, forming irregular leafy 
racemes. Calyx coloured like the corolla, Corolla’ concealed by the 
calyx. : 
The most widely distributed of all the Heaths, extending over the 
whole of central and northern Europe to the Arctic Circle, eastward to 
the Ural, and westward to the Atlantic. Also occurring in the Azores, Green- 
land, and very rarely in north-eastern America, from Labrador to 
Massachussets, In Britain very abundant. 7. swmmer. It varies, either 
quite glabrous or more or less downy, or even hairy. 
IX. PYROLA. WINTERGREEN. 
Low herbs, with a slender, shortly creeping stock; orbicular or ovate, 
nearly radical leaves; and white or greenish, drooping flowers, either soli- 
tary or several in a short raceme, on leafless, erect peduncles. Sepals 5, 
small. Petals 5, distinct or slightly joined at the base, forming at first a 
spreading corolla, which persists round the young capsule, assuming a 
globular shape. Stamens 10, Capsule 5-celled, opening by slits in the 
middle of the cells. 
A small genus, confined to the northern hemisphere both in the new 
and the old world, allied to Hricacee in all essential characters, although 
so different in habit and foliage. It has been divided by modern botanists 
into almost as many genera as it has species. 
Flowers solitary . : 5 ° . : : oe tM odie Se . 1. P. uniflora. 
Flowers several in a raceme. 
Leaves ovate, pointed. Flowers small, in a close, one-sided 
raceme . O. P. secunda, 
Leaves ovate or rounded, obtuse. ‘Flowers in a loose raceme, 
usually few. 
Style much longer than the corolla, and curved . ‘ . 2. P. rotundifolia, 
Style longer than the corolla, and straight . 3 . . 3. P. media. 
Style not longer than the corolla . . ; ° . . 4, P. minor. 
1, P.unifiora, Linn. (fig. 641). One-flowered Wintergreen.—Leaves 
of P. minor, but rather smaller. Flower rather large, always solitary on 
the peduncle, drooping, nearly white, and very fragrant; the petals ovate, 
slightly connected at the base. The pores of the anthers form little pro- 
truding tubes much more prominent than in the other species, although 
they are sometimes observable even in P. minor. Style nearly straight, — 
with a broad 5-lobed stigma. Moneses grandiflora, Salisb. 
In woods, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, and along 
the high mountain-ranges of central Europe. In pine woods from Perth 
and Aberdeen northwards, found only in Scotland. Fl. summer. | 
2. P. rotundifolia. Linn. (fig. 642). Larger Wintergreen.—A larger — 
plant than P. minor, with larger and whiter flowers, and the petals more 
spreading, but chiefly distinguished from it by the long, protruding, much — 
curved style, usually at least twice as long as the capsule, with a much 
smaller stigma, with short, erect lobes. 
