Limnanthemum. | L, GENTIANACEAE. 305 
the eastern counties and Oxford; and scarcely even naturalized in Scotland 
and Ireland. 7. summer. 
LI. POLEMONIACEZ. THE POLEMONIUM FAMILY. 
Herbs or rarely shrubs, the flowers usually in terminal 
cymes or panicles. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Corolla re- 
cular, 5-lobed, the lobes twisted in the bud. Stamens 5, in- 
serted in the tube, and alternating with the lobes. Ovary 
single, 3-celled, with several or rarely a single seed in each 
cell, inserted in the inner angle. Style simple, with 3 stig- 
matic lobes. Capsule 3-celled, opening in 8 valves by slits 
opposite the middle of the cells. 
A small family, spread over northern Asia and America, and western 
South America. Besides the European genus, it includes the Phlozes, 
Gilias, and Collomias of our flower gardens, as well as the shrubby Cantuas 
and climbing Cobas of our planthouses. 
I. POLEMONIUM. POLEMONIUM. 
Herbs, with pinnate leaves, and blue or white flowers in terminal co- 
rymbs. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla with a very short tube, and a broad, open, 
5-cleft limb. Stamens oblique, their filaments dilated into hairy scales, 
Capsule with several seeds. 
A small genus, extending all round the northern hemisphere, chiefly at 
high latitudes. . 
1. P. czeruleum, Linn. (fig. 683). Blue Polemonium, Greek Valerian, 
Jacob’s Ladder.—Stock perennial, the radical leaves forming dense tufts, 
_ their common stalk 6 inches long or more, bearing from 11 to 21 lanceolate, 
entire segments or leaflets of a tender green. Stems erect, 14 to 2 feet 
high, bearing a few smaller pinnate leaves, and a rather showy terminal 
-corymb or panicle of flowers. 
Widely diffused over the higher northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and 
America, extending also in the mountain-regions of central Europe, and 
Asia. In Britain it is found apparently indigenous in several parts of the 
north of England, but has been so long cultivated in cottage gardens, and 
seeds so readily, that it cannot be pronounced with certainty to be truly 
indigenous. Fl. summer. 
LII. CONVOLVULACEZ. CONVOLVULUS FAMILY. 
Herbs, usually twining or prostrate (rarely, in some exotic 
species, erect or shrubby), with alternate leaves, or leafless 
and parasitical ; the flowers, often very showy, growing singly 
or several together on axillary peduncles. Calyx of 4 or 5 
distinct sepals, often very unequal. Corolla usually cam- 
panulate (but varying in form in exotic species), plaited in the 
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