310 _ THE BORAGE FAMILY. [Hehium. 
leaves broader and more permanent than in HZ. vulgare; the stems branched 
from the base, and more spreading ; the flowering spikes fewer and much 
longer ; the flowers highly coloured, much larger, often an inch long; the 
narrow part of the tube very short, spreading into a broad-campanulate — 
throat, with a very oblique limb; the lower lobes rather longer than the 
longest stamens. . violaceum, Hook. & Arn., not of Linnzeus. 
In waste places, chiefly near the sea, in southern Europe, extending up 
the western coasts to Jersey, and has also been found near Penzance in 
Cornwall. #7. summer. 
II. PULMONARIA, LUNGWORT. 
Perennial herbs, with a creeping rootstock and rather large blue or 
purple flowers. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-toothed or cleft to the 
middle only. Corolla with a straight tube open at the mouth, without 
scales, and a spreading 5-lobed limb. Stamens included in the tube. 
Nuts smooth. 
A European genus, limited to a very few species. 
1. P. officinalis, Linn. (fig. 692). Common Lungwort.—Radical 
leaves in distinct tufts, ovate-oblong or nearly linear, on long footstalks, 
and coarsely hairy, usually much spotted. Flowering stems from 6 inches 
to a foot high, with shorter, alternate, mostly sessile leaves, the lowest . 
sometimes reduced to scales. Flowers in a terminal, forked cyme. Calyx 
very hairy, little more than 4 lines long at the opening of the flower, but 
twice that length when in fruit, the teeth or lobes not reaching to the 
middle. Limb of the corolla broadly spreading, with short lobes. 
In woods, in central and southern Europe to the Caucasus, extending 
northwards into Scandinavia. Jarein Britain, the only really wild stations 
_ are in Hampshire and Dorset. 7. spring. The British specimens belong 
to a variety P. angustifolia, Linn., with narrow leaves, rarely spotted, but 
in many parts of the Continent the two forms pass very gradually one into 
the other. The broad-leaved variety has been long cultivated in cottage- 
gardens, and has strayed into adjoining woods in some parts of the 
country. 
Ill. MERTENSIA. MERTENSIA. 
Perennial herbs, nearly glabrous, differing from Pulmonaria in their 
short, open, deeply 5-cleft calyx, in the stamens protruding slightly from 
the tube of the corolla although shorter than the limb, and in their slightly 
fleshy nuts. 
Besides the British species there are several nearly allied to it from 
North America and Siberia. 
1, M.maritima, Don. (fig. 693). Sea Mertensia.—A procumbent 
leafy perennial, almost succulent, covered with a glaucous bloom. Leaves 
obovate, entire, rather thick, and often wavy ; the lower ones stalked, the — 
upper ones sessile. - Flowers rather small, of a beautiful purple-blue, form- 
ing a loose terminal cyme; the pedicels nearly 6 lines long. Segments 
of the calyx ovate, very broad after flowering, but scarcely longer than the 
nuts. 
A seacoast plant, common in northern Europe and Asia and north-west 
