318 THE SOLANUM FAMILY. — (Datura. 
and regular. Capsule large, opening in 4 valves, and partially divided 
into 4 cells. ~ 
A small genus, spreading over the warmer regions of the globe. The 
large shrubby Daturas, often distinguished as Brugmansias on account of 
their smooth, not prickly capsules, are from South America. 
1, D. Stramonium, Linn. (fig. 711). Zhorn-apple Datura, Thorn- 
apple.—A coarse, glabrous or slightly downy annual, 1 to 2 feet high, 
with spreading, forked branches. Leaves rather large, ovate, with irregular, 
angular or pointed teeth or lobes. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles, 
in the forks or at the ends of the branches. Calyx loosely tubular, about 
4 inches long, and falls off after flowering, leaving a small rim under the 
capsule. Corolla above 3 inches long, bordered with 5 narrow, distant 
teeth, usually white, but occasionally (especially in hot countries) purple. 
Capsule nearly globular, very prickly, with numerous wrinkled seeds. 
A common roadside weed, in southern Europe and all over the warmer 
parts of the globe, extending northward into southern Sweden. Appears 
not unfrequently in southern England, but can scarcely be considered as 
naturalized. £0. summer and autumn. 
Il, HYOSCYAMUS, HENBANE. 
Coarse, usually hairy annuals or biennials. Corolla obliquely campanu- 
late or shortly funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Capsule enclosed in the enlarged 
calyx, bursting when ripe round a circular raised ring immediately below 
the hardened top. 
A Mediterranean genus, extending from the Canary Islands to central 
Asia. 
1, H.niger, Linn. (fig. 712). Common Henbane.—A coarse, erect, 
branching annual, 1 to 2 feet high, more or less hairy and viscid, with 
a nauseous smell. Leaves rather large, sessile; the upper ones clasping the 
stem, ovate, and irregularly pinnatifid. Flowers very shortly stalked; the 
lower ones in the forks of the branches; the upper ones sessile, in one- 
sided leafy spikes, rolled back at the top before flowering. Calyx short 
when in flower, but persists round the fruit, and then an inch long, 
strongly veined, with 5 stiff, broad, almost prickly lobes. Corolla above an 
inch long, pale, dingy-yellow, with purplish veins. Capsule globular, with 
numerous small seeds. 
In waste, stony places, on roadsides, etc., in central and southern 
Europe and western Asia, and having been formerly much cultivated for 
its medicinal properties has spread far into northern Europe. In Britain, 
chiefly on rubbish and waste places, about villages and old castles, in Eng- 
land, southern Scotland, and Ireland. 7. summer. 
III. SOLANUM. SOLANUM. 
Herbs, shrubs, or, in exotic species, low trees; the flowers usually in 
cymes, on short, lateral, or terminal peduncles. Calyx of 5 or rarely more 
divisions. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, with scarcely any tube. Anthers almost 
sessile, closed or joined together in an erect cone round the stylein the — 
centre of the flower, each anther opening by a small pore at thetop. Fruit ~ 
a berry, with several seeds, | 
